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7/07/2014 11:19 am  #31


Re: Dissolve Islam and Give The World Some Needed Peace

MEMBERS OF ISLAM DO NOT UNDERSTAND AN INTEGRATED SOCIETY AND MULTICULTURALISM – BUT SEEK TO SABOTAGE IT WITH HATE:
 
INTRODUCTION:
 
FIRST,  Let’s look at a dictionary definition of multiculturalism from Encyclopedia Wiktionary:
 
The characteristics of a society, city etc. which has many different ethnic or nationalcultures mingling freely; political or social policies which support or encourage such coexistence. [from 20th c.]
 
It is where the cultures mingle freely together and NOT where one group adopts ISOLATIONIST practices or ‘prima donna’ attitudes to all others as Islam has done in the U.K.
 
SECOND, I myself am an immigrant, but NOT an ISOLATIONIST.   I have integrated very well into the multicultural society around me without adopting bad ways.   Members of Islam need to do likewise.
 
MEMBERS OF ISLAM FOLLOW A BOOK OF HATE – THEREFORE DO NOT WANT TO MINGLE FREELY WITH OTHERS:
 
FIRST, They want their own faith based schools so they can extend the hate education they receive from religious leaders and at home.
 
The U.K. should NEVER grant them Muslim faith based schools to extend their anti-society education based on a book of hate of others.   Instead, the U.K. should make sure they receive an excellent education based on love and respect of others and their cultures.
 
With respect to what language is spoken at home, that is a personal matter and should be of no concern to the government as one’s home should be his ‘castle.’   But the language of the land should be used in public.   I personally speak 5 languages and use them all in telephone conversations from home.
 
SECOND, Let’s look at reality with respect the Quran through a few Suras that show it to be a book of HATE:
 
Sura (2:191-193) - "And slay them wherever ye find them, and drive them out of the places whence they drove you out, for persecution [of Muslims] is worse than slaughter [of non-believers]...and fight them until persecution is no more, and religion is for Allah." <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims.  NOTE, There is a good case to be made that the overall context of these verses is defensive war, however, there are two worrisome pieces to this passage. The first is that the killing of others is authorized in the event of "persecution." The second is that fighting may persist until "religion is for Allah."]]>> 
 
Sura (2:244) - "Then fight in the cause of Allah, and know that Allah Heareth and knoweth all things." 
 
Sura (2:216) - "Fighting is prescribed for you, and ye dislike it. But it is possible that ye dislike a thing which is good for you, and that ye love a thing which is bad for you. But Allah knoweth, and ye know not."  <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (3:56) - "As to those who reject faith, I will punish them with terrible agony in this world and in the Hereafter, nor will they have anyone to help."  << [[They want to put to death all Christians for rejecting Islam, a good example is the case of Meriam Ibrahim, learn more at http://news.yahoo.com/sudanese-woman-sentenced-death-apostasy-123904046.html on 5/15/2014]]>>
 
Sura (3:151) - "Soon shall We cast terror into the hearts of the Unbelievers, for that they joined companions with Allah, for which He had sent no authority". <<[[Remember the murder of 3,000 and the destruction of the World Trade Center, the London Bus and Subway bombing slaughter, the Boston Marathon bombing, and the killing by the Taliban in Pakistan and Afghanistan, the Bale nightclub bombing, and countless others.  Check the world news to learn more.]]>>
 
Sura (4:74) - "Let those fight in the way of Allah who sell the life of this world for the other. Whoso fighteth in the way of Allah, be he slain or be he victorious, on him We shall bestow a vast reward."  <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (4:76) - "Those who believe fight in the cause of Allah…" 
 
Sura (4:89) - "They but wish that ye should reject Faith, as they do, and thus be on the same footing (as they): But take not friends from their ranks until they flee in the way of Allah (From what is forbidden). But if they turn renegades, seize them and slay them wherever ye find them; and (in any case) take no friends or helpers from their ranks." <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (4:95) - "Not equal are those believers who sit (at home) and receive no hurt, and those who strive and fight in the cause of Allah with their goods and their persons. Allah hath granted a grade higher to those who strive and fight with their goods and persons than to those who sit (at home). Unto all (in Faith) Hath Allah promised good: But those who strive and fight Hath He distinguished above those who sit (at home) by a special reward,-"  <<[[This passage not only criticizes "peaceful" Muslims who do not join in the violence, but also demolishes the modern myth that "Jihad" doesn't mean holy war in the Qur'an, but rather a spiritual struggle. Not only is the Arabic word used in this passage, but it is clearly not referring to anything spiritual, since the physically disabled are given exemption. (The Hadith reveals the context of the passage to be in response to a blind man's protest that he is unable to engage in Jihad).]]>>
 
Sura (4:104) - "And be not weak hearted in pursuit of the enemy; if you suffer pain, then surely they (too) suffer pain as you suffer pain..." Pursuing an injured enemy is not an act of self-defense. <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (5:33) - "The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His messenger and strive to make mischief in the land is only this, that they should be murdered or crucified or their hands and their feet should be cut off on opposite sides or they should be imprisoned; this shall be as a disgrace for them in this world, and in the hereafter they shall have a grievous chastisement"  <<[[This is exactly what the wicked group of rebels are doing in Syria and Iraq right now – for details check the world news.]]>>
 
Sura (8:12) - "I will cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve. Therefore strike off their heads and strike off every fingertip of them" <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (8:15) - "O ye who believe! When ye meet those who disbelieve in battle, turn not your backs to them. (16)Whoso on that day turneth his back to them, unless maneuvering for battle or intent to join a company, he truly hath incurred wrath from Allah, and his habitation will be hell, a hapless journey's end."  <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (8:39) - "And fight with them until there is no more persecution and religion should be only for Allah"  <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (8:57) - "If thou comest on them in the war, deal with them so as to strike fear in those who are behind them, that haply they may remember." <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (8:59-60) - "And let not those who disbelieve suppose that they can outstrip (Allah's Purpose). Lo! they cannot escape. Make ready for them all thou canst of (armed) force and of horses tethered, that thereby ye may dismay the enemy of Allah and your enemy." <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
Sura (9:5) - "So when the sacred months have passed away, then slay the idolaters wherever you find them, and take them captives and besiege them and lie in wait for them in every ambush, then if they repent and keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate, leave their way free to them."  <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (9:14) - "Fight them, Allah will punish them by your hands and bring them to disgrace..." <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (9:20) - "Those who believe, and have left their homes and striven with their wealth and their lives in Allah's way are of much greater worth in Allah's sight. These are they who are triumphant." The "striving" spoken of here is Jihad. 
 
Sura (9:29) - "Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued."  <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (9:30) - "And the Jews say: Ezra is the son of Allah; and the Christians say: The Messiah is the son of Allah; these are the words of their mouths; they imitate the saying of those who disbelieved before; may Allah destroy them; how they are turned away!"  <<[[This is a monstrous lie as no Christian and/or so called Christian and/or Jew ever said such a thing as Almighty God (YHWH) is their God, not Allah.]]>>
 
Sura (9:38-39) - "O ye who believe! what is the matter with you, that, when ye are asked to go forth in the cause of Allah, ye cling heavily to the earth? Do ye prefer the life of this world to the Hereafter? But little is the comfort of this life, as compared with the Hereafter. Unless ye go forth, He will punish you with a grievous penalty, and put others in your place." This is a warning to those who refuse to fight, that they will be punished with Hell.  <<[[A call to all members of Islam to deny freedom of conscience to others.]]>>
 
Sura (9:41) - "Go forth, light-armed and heavy-armed, and strive with your wealth and your lives in the way of Allah! That is best for you if ye but knew." 
 
Sura (9:73) - "O Prophet! strive hard against the unbelievers and the hypocrites and be unyielding to them; and their abode is hell, and evil is the destination."  <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (9:88) - "But the Messenger, and those who believe with him, strive and fight with their wealth and their persons: for them are (all) good things: and it is they who will prosper." 
 
Sura (9:111) - "Allah hath purchased of the believers their persons and their goods; for theirs (in return) is the garden (of Paradise): they fight in His cause, and slay and are slain: a promise binding on Him in truth, through the Law, the Gospel, and the Qur'an: and who is more faithful to his covenant than Allah? then rejoice in the bargain which ye have concluded: that is the achievement supreme." 
 
Sura (9:123) - "O you who believe! fight those of the unbelievers who are near to you and let them find in you hardness."  <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (21:44) - "We gave the good things of this life to these men and their fathers until the period grew long for them; See they not that We gradually reduce the land (in their control) from its outlying borders? Is it then they who will win?"  <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (25:52) - "Therefore listen not to the Unbelievers, but strive against them with the utmost strenuousness, with the (Qur'an)." <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (47:4) - "So when you meet in battle those who disbelieve, then smite the necks until when you have overcome them, then make (them) prisoners," <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (47:35) - "Be not weary and faint-hearted, crying for peace, when ye should be uppermost: for Allah is with you," 
 
Sura (48:17) - "There is no blame for the blind, nor is there blame for the lame, nor is there blame for the sick (that they go not forth to war). And whoso obeyeth Allah and His messenger, He will make him enter Gardens underneath which rivers flow; and whoso turneth back, him will He punish with a painful doom."  <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (48:29) - "Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. And those with him are hard (ruthless) against the disbelievers and merciful among themselves"  <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims]]>>
 
Sura (61:4) - "Surely Allah loves those who fight in His way" 
 
Sura (61:10-12) - "O ye who believe! Shall I lead you to a bargain that will save you from a grievous Penalty?- That ye believe in Allah and His Messenger, and that ye strive (your utmost) in the Cause of Allah, with your property and your persons: That will be best for you, if ye but knew! He will forgive you your sins, and admit you to Gardens beneath which Rivers flow, and to beautiful mansions in Gardens of Eternity."
 
Sura (66:9) - "O Prophet! Strive against the disbelievers and the hypocrites, and be stern with them. Hell will be their home, a hapless journey's end." <<[[This refers to Christians, Hindus, Jews, Sieks, etc. that do not become Muslims.  NOTE, The root word of "Jihad" is used again here. The context is clearly holy war, and the scope of violence is broadened to include "hypocrites," those who call themselves Muslims but do not act as such. 
]]>>
 
THIRD, Members of Islam should drop all Sura’s of hate and replace them with ones of love of others.   And violence dropped.
 
CONCLUSION:
 
FACT #1 – There are over 33,000 religions on earth, but in reality there are only two (2).   They are the true and the false religion.   All religious groups endorsing the Crescent.  Just as Revelation 18:4 says, “And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, Come out of her, my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues.” (Authorized King James Bible; AV), so members of Islam should do the intelligent thing and get out of false religion.
 
FACT #2 – Hate and violence are NOT part of genuine multiculturalism, NOR are they a part of any religion of peace – Islam falsely claims to be a religion of peace, a lie.
 
FACT #3 – All humans should be given the basic human right of freedom of conscience, but Islam, as shown in Suras above, does NOT believe in extending this right to non-Muslims.   This is highlighted by the case of  Meriam Ibrahim, Islam wants to put to death for NOT recanting Christianity, learn more at http://news.yahoo.com/sudanese-woman-sentenced-death-apostasy-123904046.html on 5/15/2014 .  This is an example of pure hate of others.

 

3/10/2015 3:26 pm  #32


Re: Dissolve Islam and Give The World Some Needed Peace

AN UNLOVING PRODUCT OF A BRITISH MUSLIM HOME, MOSQUE, AND ACQUAINTANCES.    ‘JIHADI JOHN’ AND ALMOST ALL MUSLIM TERRORIST ARE A PRODUCT OF HOME AND MOSQUE AND ACQUAINTANCE ENVIRONMENT AND NOT THE STANDARD COURSE OF INSTRUCTION AT PUBLIC (GOVERNMENT) SCHOOLS.

Muslim apologist and families try to blame Muslim terrorism on the public schools; whereas, it is learned in Muslim homes from their indoctrination of hate, violence, and a disregard for the property and person of non-Muslims.   It is reinforced at mosques and by acquaintances.    The open public school for all can at best assist in moderating these wicked tendencies, but that is all as many times by the time they go to school these have already been too deeply ‘engraved’ into many Muslim children.
‘Jihadi John’ and the three girls that recently went to Syria are prime examples of deep indoctrination at an early age that would be difficult or impossible to remove.    Yet when these individuals act on early family indoctrination, Muslim parents, the ones really at fault, look for ‘escape goats’ as clearly shown in the case of ‘Jihadi John.’   Let’s look at a news item that clearly shows how unloving and wicked they truly are and why they should all be executed if they ever return to the United Kingdom (UK) which has absolutely no need for such hateful people.

MILITARY & DEFENSEMore: Islamic State Isis Iraq Syria 
ISIS defector describes how 'Jihadi John' ran executions

PAMELA ENGEL

Cracks in ISIS are becoming more clear
A defector from the Islamic State terror group talked to Sky Newsabout how militants prepared captives for executions and how the militant known as "Jihadi John" gave orders.
"Turkish man say, 'Put this camera there, change place there,' but John [was] the big boss,"the defector in Turkey said of Mohammed Emwazi, the 26-year-old Londoner featured in videos sent out by the Islamic State, also known as ISIS or ISIL. "All time, all time say to all 'fastly, fastly, fastly, we should finish.' So respect him. Only he talks orders — others do."
The jihadist group reportedly staged mock executions to prepare hostages for being on camera, telling them in the rehearsals that they would not be harmed.
Sky reports: "The execution rehearsals took place so that when the moment of death finally came, the hostages were not expecting to be killed and were relaxed to appeal for their release on camera."
The hostage-beheading videos have become an important part of ISIS propaganda. The videos attract attention by the news media and are accessible to the world through YouTube and other video-hosting sites.
Sky's source, who goes by the pseudonym "Saleh," said he was a translator for ISIS. He reportedly fled to Turkey to escape the group.
The man said that "John," recently identified as Emwazi, was the group's chief killer of foreign hostages.
Saleh said his job was to help convince the hostages they were safe.
Emwazi "would say to me, 'Say to them, no problem, only video, we don't kill you, we want from your government [to] stop attacking Syria. We don't have any problem with you; you are only our visitors,'" Saleh told Sky, adding that he knew the whole time the hostages would eventually be killed.
The hostages were also reportedly encouraged to become Muslim and given Arabic names to help them feel more relaxed among the militants.
Saleh's statements are in line with what a former CIA counterterrorism analyst wrote for The Washington Post in September. Seeking to explain the hostages' calm demeanor in ISIS' videos, Aki Peritz suggested they might not have known they were to be killed. And statements from former ISIS hostages have corroborated the mock-execution story.
Emwazi reportedly left Europe for Syria in 2012 and is believed to be responsible for multiple executions of Western hostages.   [sourc - retrieved from   http://www.businessinsider.com/isis-defector-dsscribes-how-jihadi-john-ran-executions-2015-3  on  3/10/2015] 
REMEMBER:
HE THAT LOVETH NOT KNOWETH NOT GOD; FOR GOD IS LOVE. 1 JOHN 4:8 [AMERICAN STANDARD VERSION; ASV] 

Genuine love for family and for neighbor is what distinguish genuine followers of Jesus (Yeshua) Christ from the multitude of believers in false religions. When love does not exist within the family circle, terrible atrocities occur. Here is an example of one case of tragedy occurring due to lack of love and caring within the family circle.
“Pakistan woman stoned to death by family for marrying man she loved By Mubasher Bukhari.

LAHORE Pakistan (Reuters) - A 25-year-old woman was stoned to death by her family outside one of Pakistan's top courts on Tuesday in a so-called "honor" killing for marrying the man she loved, police said.
Farzana Iqbal was waiting for the High Court in the eastern city of Lahore to open when a group of around dozen men began attacking her with bricks, said Umer Cheema, a senior police officer.

Her father, two brothers and former fiance were among the attackers, he said. Iqbal suffered severe head injuries and was pronounced dead in hospital, police said.

All the suspects except her father escaped. He admitted killing his daughter, Cheema said, and explained it was a matter of honor. Many Pakistani families think a woman marrying her own choice of man brings dishonor on the family.

Iqbal had been engaged to her cousin but married another man, Cheema said. Her family registered a kidnapping case against him but Iqbal had come to court to argue that she had married of her own free will, he said.

Around 1,000 Pakistani women are killed every year by their families in honor killings, according to Pakistani rights group the Aurat Foundation.
The true figure is probably many times higher since the Aurat Foundation only compiles figures from newspaper reports. The government does not compile national statistics.

Campaigners say few cases come to court, and those that do can take years to be heard. No one tracks how many cases are successfully prosecuted.
Even those that do result in a conviction may end with the killers walking free. Pakistani law allows a victim's family to forgive their killer.”

No love within the family circle here.
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     Thread Starter
 

3/10/2015 4:26 pm  #33


Re: Dissolve Islam and Give The World Some Needed Peace

FIRST: ‘JIHADI JOHN’ AND ALMOST ALL MUSLIM TERRORIST ARE A PRODUCT OF HOME AND MOSQUE AND ACQUAINTANCE ENVIRONMENT AND NOT THE STANDARD COURSE OF INSTRUCTION AT PUBLIC (GOVERNMENT) SCHOOLS.
Muslim apologist and families try to blame Muslim terrorism on the public schools; whereas, it is learned in Muslim homes from their indoctrination of hate, violence, and a disregard for the property and person of non-Muslims.   It is reinforced at mosques and by acquaintances.    The open public school for all can at best assist in moderating these wicked tendencies, but that is all as many times by the time they go to school these have already been too deeply ‘engraved’ into many Muslim children.
‘Jihadi John’ and the three girls that recently went to Syria are prime examples of deep indoctrination at an early age that would be difficult or impossible to remove.    Yet when these individuals act on early family indoctrination, Muslim parents, the ones really at fault, look for ‘escape goats’ as clearly shown in the case of ‘Jihadi John.’   Let’s look at a news item from an American newspaper that proves this, and then at research on how important the families molding process for youths really is.
‘Jihadi John’ apologizes to his family
By Post Wire Services
March 7, 2015 | 10:52pm
Modal Trigger
JIHADI JOHN
Video appears to show teenage 'Jihadi John' unmasked
'Jihadi John' snuck out of UK despite being on watch list
No proof 'Jihadi John' is my son: father of Mohammed Emwazi
My son is 'a dog, an animal, a terrorist': father of 'Jihadi John' [picture not shown]
Mohammed Emwazi has apologized to his family for the shame he has heaped on them after being unmasked as the ISIS butcher from Britain known asJihadi John.
The Sunday Times of London reports that Emwazi, 26, a British computer-science graduate, had conveyed his message of regret from Syria via a third party.
He is said to be sorry for the “problems and trouble the revelation of his identity has caused” for his parents and siblings, according to an informed source.
Emwazi has not expressed any remorse for his barbaric actions, however, which have included the on-camera beheading of a number of Western hostages.
The Londoner’s family, originally from Kuwait, have been forced into hiding after Emwazi was identified as Jihadi John 10 days ago.   [sourc - retrieved from   http://nypost.com/2015/03/07/jihadi-john-apologizes-to-his-family/  on  3/8/2015]  

NOW HOW IMPORTANT THE FAMILY MOLDING PROCESS IS WITH RESPECT HOW HE/SHE TURNS OUT:
Moderating effects of family environment on the association between children’s aggressive beliefs and their aggression trajectories from childhood to adolescence
JASMINA BURDZOVIC ANDREASa and MALCOLM W. WATSONb
The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at Dev Psychopathol
See other articles in PMC that cite the published article.
Go to:
Abstract
This study explored how children’s aggressive beliefs and their family environments combine to influence the development of child aggression from middle childhood into adolescence. We utilized a “variable-centered” empirical approach, specifically examining whether children’s aggressive beliefs represent a risk factor for their aggressive behaviors and whether this risk can be moderated by children’s family environment. These questions were tested with individual growth modeling, using the data from a community-representative sample of 440 mother–child dyads, interviewed four times over a 6-year study period. The accelerated longitudinal design of the study enabled examination of children’s aggression trajectories from age 7 to age 19. The results supported the hypothesis that elevated aggressive beliefs in children represent a risk factor for aggression, as higher aggressive beliefs were associated with greater aggression at the youngest age, as well as with increased aggression over time. However, as hypothesized, family environment moderated this association, such that changes in children’s aggression over time were contingent upon the interaction of their aggressive beliefs with family environment. Specifically, aggression was reduced in children with high aggressive beliefs if they experienced better than average family environment, which included less family conflict and more family cohesion.
When children believe that aggression is a justified and valuable tool in social interactions, such beliefs are likely to predispose them to developing an actual habit of aggression. Indeed, children with such cognitive beliefs and biases are consistently found to be more aggressive than their counterparts without hostile cognitions (for a general review, seeCrick & Dodge, 1994). For example, aggressive children tend to have elevated beliefs in the legitimacy and usefulness of aggression (Slaby & Guerra, 1988; Zelli, Dodge, Lochman, Laird, & Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group, 1999). This is especially true of children who are reactively aggressive (Dodge, Lochman, Harnish, Bates, & Pettit, 1997) and of children who are recognized as aggressive by teachers (Dodge, Laird, Lochman, Zelli, & Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group, 2002;Marcus, Lindahl, & Malik, 2001). These aggressive cognitions have been identified as precursors of aggressive behaviors, as longitudinal data show that they are often predictive of future manifest aggression in children (Crick & Dodge, 1994; Zelli et al., 1999). Finally, these aggressive cognitive styles and beliefs tend to be relatively stable and become even more “rigid” over time (Crick & Dodge, 1994). In short, aggressive cognitions represent one of the most salient risk factors for aggression problems in children. Whether the negative effects of such an individual risk factor can be moderated, or offset, by other influences from children’s environments is therefore an important question and was the primary focus of this investigation.
It is increasingly clear that risk factors for many developmental problems almost never occur in isolation, and that understanding both normative and pathological development relies on understanding complex interactions of multiple influences, both positive and negative, from all ecological levels (Compas, Hinden, & Gerhardt, 1995; Gutman, Sameroff, & Cole, 2003; Stouthamer-Loeber, Loeber, Wei, Farrington, & Wikstrom, 2002). This longitudinal report investigated such an interaction between a risk factor and a putative moderating influence associated with aggression during middle childhood. However, in contrast to most prior child psychopathology studies, which usually focus on environmental-level risk factors and seek to identify individual factors that can moderate this risk (Gutman et al., 2003), this study utilized the opposite approach. It focused on an individual-level risk factor and sought to identify a possible environmental-level factor moderating this risk. Specifically, this study emphasized (a) the negative contribution of children’s own characteristics (i.e., high aggressive beliefs), and (b) the positive contribution of optimal family context (i.e., cohesive and nonconflicted families). In other words, we were ultimately interested in the positive moderating role of optimal family environment in children who had initial high aggressive beliefs. Understanding whether, and if so how, family environment interacts with the negative child characteristic of belief in the value of aggression to effect changes in aggressive behavior over time may help explain diverse outcomes in children with seemingly identical early risk factors.
Go to:
Family Environment as a Moderating Influence
There is strong emerging evidence for the capacity of functional and well-adjusted families to successfully moderate various developmental threats and reduce the chances of maladjustment in children at risk (Masten & Shaffer, 2006). For example, Masten et al. (1999) reported that parenting quality successfully differentiated children with adjustment problems from children without such problems, even though both groups shared similar life challenges. Other researchers similarly reported that well-adjusted and competent families had well-adjusted and competent children, even under conditions of risk and in times of high stress (Cowen et al., 1997). More specifically, the role of supportive and functional families was also found to make a difference in children with various risks predisposing them toward externalizing behaviors such as aggression and delinquency. For example, at-risk adolescents who had good relationships with their parents were found to be four times less likely to engage in delinquent behavior, compared with their peers who did not have good parent relationships (Stouthamer-Loeber et al., 2002). Families marked by skilled parenting and high cohesion successfully moderated the risk of poverty in minority children, placing them well below children from all other (impoverished) families in externalizing problem behavior (Gorman-Smith, Tolan, Henry, & Florsheim, 2000). Similarly, Kerig (1995) reported the lowest rates of externalizing problems in children from cohesive families, whereas Johnson (2003) reported that changes in children’s externalizing problems (as reported by school teachers) were reflective of the changes in their family functioning, such that externalizing problems were reduced in children whose families were cohesive or became more cohesive over time. These results support the idea that at-risk children or children with early behavioral problems may benefit from optimal family environments, because such (marked by cohesion, closeness, and emotional support and a low level of contention and conflict) can add a much needed positive element or buffer to other negative influences in their children’s development. Even in extreme situations, such as within high-crime and violent neighborhoods, cohesive, well-functioning families and supportive parents tended to have relatively well-adjusted, nonviolent children (Brookmeyer, Henrich, & Schwab-Stone, 2005; Gorman-Smith, Henry, & Tolan, 2004; Richters & Martinez, 1993). In other words, although both troubled and nontroubled children faced identical risks, it appears that individual child adjustment was to a large extent a function of the general family and parenting quality, at least when the focus was externalizing problems, such as aggression.
However, it is important to note that the positive family environments in these studies were found to be successful at moderating primarily exogenous developmental risks: poverty, general life stressors, violent neighborhoods, and other challenges not necessarily originating within the individual child’s attributes or cognitions. The question still remains whether such general positive family environments, marked by cohesion and support, would prove successful in moderating the negative effects of more proximal risks, such as children’s own impaired social cognitions and pro-aggressive beliefs. This is the main question of interest for this study.
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Rationale for and Hypotheses of the Current Study
We therefore argue that prior research has neglected to adequately explore the role of moderating influences on aggressive behaviors in situations when developmental risk is both specific and endogenous, that is, when children themselves (because of their negative, antisocial cognitions and traits) are, in fact, the greatest source of risk for their maladjustment. This study aims to address these gaps by exploring this question: is there a moderating, buffering effect of cohesive, nonconflictual families for children with pro-aggressive beliefs, because such children may be at greater risk for later externalizing problems such as aggression? We focused on two specific domains, children’s aggressive beliefs and family environment, as sources of negative and positive developmental influences, respectively, because they have specific and well-documented theoretical and empirical relations to the development of child aggression (Dodge, Pettit, Bates, & Valente, 1996; Gorman-Smith & Tolan, 1998; Huesmann & Guerra, 1997; Lochman & Dodge, 1994; Lochman & Wells, 2002; Masten & Shaffer, 2006; Schwartz et al., 1998;Slaby & Guerra, 1988). In other words, they do not represent general, nonspecific life stressors that are, to some degree, experienced by almost all children and families. In addition, these factors tend to be more stable influences stemming from the proximal levels of child development (individual and family), and therefore, are likely to be more potent factors in shaping child development (Bronfenbrenner, 1979).
In short, we first wanted to examine the initial negative (i.e., risk) effects of children’s aggressive beliefs on their early aggression. Next, we wanted to examine the possible moderating effects of an optimal family environment on the association between the risk of aggressive beliefs and actual aggression over time. Accordingly, we postulated two main hypotheses: (a) aggressive beliefs act as a general risk factor, such that greater early aggressive beliefs are associated with greater overall aggression problems in children, and (b) family environment moderates the impact of aggressive beliefs on children’s aggression, such that aggression is reduced over time in at-risk children who have more cohesive and less conflicted family environments.
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Method
Springfield Child Development Project (SCDP)
This study was based on data from the SCDP, a prospective, longitudinal study, in which a community-representative sample of 440 mother–child dyads (MChildAge = 10.00 ± 2.0 at baseline) was interviewed four times over a 6-year study period (see Figure 1). The research presented here utilized data from all four completed assessments.  [sourc - retrieved from   http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2671853/  on  3/8/2015] 

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