COMBINATION OF THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND THE RARE FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES.   With the Scripture of the Day first.
 
SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY – [Tuesday]
 
And when the Lord saw her, he had compassion on her, and said unto her, Weep not.  14  And he came and touched the bier: and they that bare him stood still. And he said, Young man, I say unto thee, Arise.  15  And he that was dead sat up, and began to speak. And he delivered him to his mother.  Luke 7:13 – 15,  [authorized King James Bible; AV]
 
This scripture clearly shows that the Son of God, Jesus (Yeshua) has the power, given to him by his Father, to resurrect dead ones.  Even the one of the criminals being executed along with Him recognized this fact, this is recorded at Luke 23:39 – 43, [AV] “And one of the malefactors which were hanged railed on him, saying, If thou be Christ, save thyself and us.  40  But the other answering rebuked him, saying, Dost not thou fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation?  41  And we indeed justly; for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man hath done nothing amiss.  42  And he said unto Jesus, Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom.  43  And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise.”
 
This Kingdom being the one prayed for at Matthew 6:9 – 13, [AV] “After this manner therefore pray ye: Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name.  10  Thy KINGDOM come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.  11  Give us this day our daily bread.  12  And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.  13  And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine is the KINGDOM, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen.”  
 
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AND THE RARE FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES:   [[This is NOT a very rare but a common vegetable.]]
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the The, Daucus carota, Carrot,  subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, usually orange in colour, though purple, red, white, and yellow varieties exist.
 
It has a crisp texture when fresh. The most commonly eaten part of a carrot is ataproot, although the greens are sometimes eaten as well. It is a domesticated form of the wild carrot Daucus carota, native to Europe and southwestern Asia. The domestic carrot has been selectively bred for its greatly enlarged and more palatable, less woody-textured edible taproot. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) reports that world production of carrots and turnips (these plants are combined by the FAO for reporting purposes) for calendar year 2011 was almost 35.658 million tonnes. Almost half were grown in China. Carrots are widely used in many cuisines, especially in the preparation of salads, and carrot salads are a tradition in many regional cuisines.
Etymology
The word is first recorded in English around 1530 and was borrowed from Middle French carotte,[1] itself from Late Latincar?ta, from Greek ??????? kar?ton, originally from the Indo-European root *ker- (horn), due to its horn-like shape. In Old English, carrots (typically white at the time) were not clearly distinguished from parsnips, the two being collectively calledmoru or more (from Proto-Indo-European *mork- "edible root", cf. German Möhre). Various languages still use the same word for "carrot" as they do for "root"; e.g. Finnish yrtti, Dutch wortel, German wurzel.
History
The wild ancestors of the carrot are likely to have come from Persia (regions of which are now Iran and Afghanistan), which remain the centre of diversity of Daucus carota, the wild carrot. A naturally occurring subspecies of the wild carrot, Daucus carota subsp. sativus, has been selectively bred over the centuries to reduce bitterness, increase sweetness and minimise the woody core. This has produced the familiar garden vegetable.[2][3]
When they were first cultivated, carrots were grown for their aromatic leaves and seeds rather than their roots. Carrot seeds have been found in Switzerland and Southern Germany dating to 2000–3000 BC.[4] Some close relatives of the carrot are still grown for their leaves and seeds, for example parsley, fennel, dill and cumin. The first mention of the root in classical sources is during the 1st century.[5] The plant appears to have been introduced into Europe via Spain by the Moors in the 8th century,[6] and in the 10th century, in such locations in West Asia, India and Europe, the roots were purple.[7] The modern carrot originated in Afghanistan at about this time.[5] The Jewish scholar Simeon Seth describes both red and yellow carrots in the 11th century.[8] The 12th-century Arab Andalusian agriculturist, Ibn al-'Awwam, also mentions roots of these colours;[9] Cultivated carrots appeared in China in the 14th century, and in Japan in the 18th century.[10]Orange-coloured carrots appeared in the Netherlands in the 17th century,[11] which has been related to the fact that the Dutch flag at the time, the Prince's Flag, included orange.[7] These, the modern carrots, were intended by the antiquary John Aubrey (1626–1697) when he noted in his memoranda "Carrots were first sown at Beckington in Somersetshire. Some very old Man there [in 1668] did remember their first bringing hither."[12] European settlers introduced the carrot toColonial America in the 17th century.[13]
Purple carrots, still orange on the inside, were sold in British stores starting in 2002.[7]
Description
Daucus carota is a biennial plant that grows a rosette of leaves in the spring and summer, while building up the stout taproot that stores large amounts of sugars for the plant to flower in the second year.
Soon after germination, carrot seedlings show a distinct demarcation between the taproot and the stem. The latter is thicker and lacks lateral roots. At the upper end of the stem is the seed leaf. The first true leaf appears about 10–15 days after germination. Subsequent leaves, produced from the stem nodes, are alternating(with a single leaf attached to a node, and the leaves growing in alternate directions) and compound, and arranged in a spiral. The leaf blades are pinnate. As the plant grows, the bases of the seed leaves are pushed apart. The stem, located just above the ground, is compressed and the internodes are not distinct. When the seed stalk elongates, the tip of the stem narrows and becomes pointed, extends upward, and becomes a highly branched inflorescence. The stems grow to 60–200 cm (20–80 in) tall.[14]
Most of the taproot consists of a pulpy outer cortex (phloem) and an inner core (xylem). High-quality carrots have a large proportion of cortex compared to core. Although a completely xylem-free carrot is not possible, some cultivars have small and deeply pigmented cores; the taproot can appear to lack a core when the colour of the cortex and core are similar in intensity. Taproots typically have a long conical shape, although cylindrical and round cultivars are available. The root diameter can range from 1 cm (0.4 in) to as much as 10 cm (4 in) at the widest part. The root length ranges from 5 to 50 cm (2.0 to 19.7 in), although most are between 10 and 25 cm (4 and 10 in).[14]
Flower development begins when the flat meristem changes from producing leaves to an uplifted, conical meristem capable of producing stem elongation and an cluster of flowers. The cluster is a compound umbel, and each umbel contains several smaller umbels (umbellets). The first (primary) umbel occurs at the end of the main floral stem; smaller secondary umbels grow from the main branch, and these further branch into third, fourth, and even later-flowering umbels. A large, primary umbel can contain up to 50 umbellets, each of which may have as many as 50 flowers; subsequent umbels have fewer flowers. Flowers are small and white, sometimes with a light green or yellow tint. They consist of five petals, five stamens, and an entire calyx. The stamensusually split and the stamens fall off before the stigma becomes receptive to receivepollen. The stamens of the brown, male, sterile flowers degenerate and shrivel before the flower fully opens. In the other type of male sterile flower, the stamens are replaced by petals, and these petals do not fall off. A nectar-containing disc is present on the upper surface of the carpels.[14]
Flowers change sex in their development, so the stamens release their pollen before the stigma of the same flower is receptive. The arrangement is centripetal, meaning the oldest flowers are near the edge and the youngest flowers are in the center. Flowers usually first open at the outer edge of the primary umbel, followed about a week later on the secondary umbels, and then in subsequent weeks in higher-order umbels. The usual flowering period of individual umbels is 7 to 10 days, so a plant can be in the process of flowering for 30–50 days. The distinctive umbels and floral nectaries attract pollinatinginsects. After fertilization and as seeds develop, the outer umbellets of an umbel bend inward causing the umbel shape to change from slightly convex or fairly flat to concave, and when cupped it resembles a bird's nest.[14]
The fruit that develops is a schizocarp consisting of two mericarps; each mericarp is a true seed. The paired mericarps are easily separated when they are dry. Premature separation (shattering) before harvest is undesirable because it can result in seed loss. Mature seeds are flattened on the commissuralside that faced the septum of the ovary. The flattened side has five longitudinal ribs. The bristly hairs that protrude from some ribs are usually removed by abrasion during milling and cleaning. Seeds also contain oil ducts and canals. Seeds vary somewhat in size, ranging from less than 500 to more than 1000 seeds per gram.[14]
The carrot is a diploid species, and has nine relatively short, uniform-length chromosomes (2n=9). The genome size is estimated to be 473 mega base pairs, which is four times larger than Arabidopsis thaliana, one-fifth the size of the maize genome, and about the same size as the rice genome.[15]
Chemistry
Polyacetylenes can be found in Apiaceae vegetables like carrots where they show cytotoxic activities.[16][17] Falcarinol and falcarindiol (cis-heptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6-diyne-3,8-diol)[18] are such compounds. This latter compound shows antifungal activity towards Mycocentrospora acerina and Cladosporium cladosporioides.[18] Falcarindiol is the main compound responsible for bitterness in carrots.[19]
Other compounds such as pyrrolidine (present in the leaves),[20] 6-hydroxymellein,[21] 6-methoxymellein, eugenin, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (gazarin) or (Z)-3-acetoxy-heptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6-diin-8-ol (falcarindiol 3-acetate) can also be found in carrot.
Nutrition
Carrots, raw
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy
173 kJ (41 kcal)

Carbohydrates
9.6 g
Sugars
4.7 g
Dietary fiber
2.8 g

Fat
0.24 g

Protein
0.93 g

Vitamins
Vitamin A equiv.
beta-carotene
lutein zeaxanthin
(104%)
835 ?g
(77%)
8285 ?g
256 ?g
Thiamine (B1)
(6%)
0.066 mg
Riboflavin (B2)
(5%)
0.058 mg
Niacin (B3)
(7%)
0.983 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5)
(5%)
0.273 mg
Vitamin B6
(11%)
0.138 mg
Folate (B9)
(5%)
19 ?g
Vitamin C
(7%)
5.9 mg
Vitamin E
(4%)
0.66 mg
Vitamin K
(13%)
13.2 ?g

Minerals
Calcium
(3%)
33 mg
Iron
(2%)
0.3 mg
Magnesium
(3%)
12 mg
Manganese
(7%)
0.143 mg
Phosphorus
(5%)
35 mg
Potassium
(7%)
320 mg
Sodium
(5%)
69 mg
Zinc
(3%)
0.24 mg

Other constituents
Fluoride
3.2 µg

Link to USDA Database entry
* Units
* ?g = micrograms • mg = milligrams
* IU = International units
Percentages are roughly approximated usingUS recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database
The carrot gets its characteristic, bright orange colour from ?-carotene, and lesser amounts of ?-carotene, ?-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin.[22] ?- and ?-carotenes are partly metabolized into vitamin A,[23][24] providing more than 100% of the Daily Value (DV) per 100 g serving of carrots (right table). Carrots are also a good source of vitamin K (13% DV) and vitamin B6 (11% DV), but otherwise have modest content of other essential nutrients (right table).[25]
Carrots are 88% water, 4.7% sugar, 2.6% protein, 1% ash, and 0.2% fat.[25]Carrot dietary fiber comprises mostly cellulose, with smaller proportions ofhemicellulose, lignin and starch.[26] Free sugars in carrot include sucrose,glucose and fructose.[25]
The lutein and zeaxanthin carotenoids characteristic of carrots are under study for their potential roles in vision and eye health.[22][27]
Methods of consumption and uses
Carrots can be eaten in a variety of ways. Only 3 percent of the ?-carotene in raw carrots is released during digestion: this can be improved to 39% by pulping, cooking and adding cooking oil.[28] Alternatively they may be chopped and boiled, fried or steamed, and cooked in soups and stews, as well as baby and pet foods. A well-known dish is carrots julienne.[29] Together with onionand celery, carrots are one of the primary vegetables used in a mirepoix to make various broths.[30]
The greens are edible as a leaf vegetable, but are only occasionally eaten by humans;[31] some sources suggest that the greens contain toxicalkaloids.[32][33] When used for this purpose, they are harvested young in high-density plantings, before significant root development, and typically used stir-fried, or in salads.[31] Some people are allergic to carrots. In a 2010 study on the prevalence of food allergies in Europe, 3.6 percent of young adults showed some degree of sensitivity to carrots.[34] Because the major carrot allergen, the protein Dauc c 1.0104, is cross-reactive with homologues in birch pollen (Bet v 1) and mugwort pollen (Art v 1), most carrot allergy sufferers are also allergic to pollen from these plants.[35]
In India carrots are used in a variety of ways, as salads or as vegetables added to spicy rice or dal dishes. A popular variation in north India is the Gajar Ka Halwa carrot dessert, which has carrots grated and cooked in milk until the whole mixture is solid, after which nuts and butter are added.[36] Carrot salads are usually made with grated carrots with a seasoning of mustard seeds and green chillies popped in hot oil. Carrots can also be cut in thin strips and added to rice, can form part of a dish of mixed roast vegetables or can be blended with tamarind to make chutney.[37]
Since the late 1980s, baby carrots or mini-carrots (carrots that have been peeled and cut into uniform cylinders) have been a popular ready-to-eat snack food available in many supermarkets.[38] Carrots are puréed and used as baby food,dehydrated to make chips, flakes, and powder, and thinly sliced and deep-fried, likepotato chips.[26]
The sweetness of carrots allows the vegetable to be used in some fruit-like roles. Grated carrots are used in carrot cakes, as well as carrot puddings, an English dish thought to have originated in the early 19th century.  Carrots can also be used alone or with fruits in jam and preserves. Carrot juice is also widely marketed, especially as a health drink, either stand-alone or blended with fruits and other vegetables.[39]
Companion plant
Carrots are useful companion plants for gardeners. The pungent odour of onions, leeks and chives help repel the carrot root fly,[40] and other vegetables that team well with carrots include lettuce, tomatoes and radishes, as well as the herbsrosemary and sage.[41] Carrots thrive in the presence of caraway, coriander, chamomile, marigold and Swan River daisy.[40]If left to flower, the carrot, like any umbellifer, attracts predatory wasps that kill many garden pests.[42]
Cultivation
Carrots are grown from seed and take around four months to mature. They grow best in full sun but tolerate some shade.[43] The optimum growth temperature is between 16 and 21 °C (61 and 70 °F).[44] The ideal soil is deep, loose and well-drained, sandy or loamy and with a pH of 6.3 to 6.8.[40] Fertiliser should be applied according to soil type and the crop requires low levels of nitrogen, moderate phosphate and high potash. Rich soils should be avoided, as these will cause the roots to become hairy and misshapen.[45] Irrigation should be applied when needed to keep the soil moist and the crop should be thinned as necessary and kept weed free.[46]
Cultivation problems
There are several diseases that can reduce the yield and market value of carrots. The most devastating carrot disease isAlternaria leaf blight, which has been known to eradicate entire crops. A bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas campestris can also be destructive in warm, humid areas. Root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) can cause stubby or forked roots, or galls.[47] Cavity spot, caused by the oomycetes Pythium violae and Pythium sulcatum, results in irregularly shaped, depressed lesions on the taproots.[48]
Physical damage can also reduce the value of carrot crops. The two main forms of damage are splitting, whereby a longitudinal crack develops during growth that can be a few centimetres to the entire length of the root, and breaking, which occurs postharvest. These disorders can affect over 30% of commercial crops. Factors associated with high levels of splitting include wide plant spacing, early sowing, lengthy growth durations, and genotype.[49]
Cultivars
Carrot cultivars can be grouped into two broad classes, eastern carrots andwestern carrots.[50] A number of novelty cultivars have been bred for particular characteristics.
The city of Holtville, California, promotes itself as "Carrot Capital of the World", and holds an annual festival devoted entirely to the carrot.[51]
"Eastern" (a European and American continent reference) carrots were domesticated in Persia (probably in the lands of modern-day Iran and Afghanistanwithin West Asia) during the 10th century, or possibly earlier. Specimens of the "eastern" carrot that survive to the present day are commonly purple or yellow, and often have branched roots. The purple colour common in these carrots comes fromanthocyanin pigments.[52]
The western carrot emerged in the Netherlands in the 17th century,[53] There is a popular belief that its orange colour making it popular in those countries as an emblem of the House of Orange and the struggle for Dutch independence, although there is little evidence for this.[54] The orange colour results from abundantcarotenes in these cultivars.
Western carrot cultivars are commonly classified by their root shape. The four general types are:
* Chantenay carrots. Although the roots are shorter than other cultivars, they have vigorous foliage and greater girth, being broad in the shoulders and tapering towards a blunt, rounded tip. They store well, have a pale-coloured core and are mostly used for processing.[46] Varieties include Carson Hybrid and Red Cored Chantenay.
* Danvers carrots. These have strong foliage and the roots are longer than Chantaney types, and they have a conical shape with a well-defined shoulder, tapering to a point. They are somewhat shorter than Imperator cultivars, but more tolerant of heavy soil conditions. Danvers cultivars store well and are used both fresh and for processing.[46] They were developed in 1871 in Danvers, Massachusetts.[55] Varieties include Danvers Half Long and Danvers 126.
* Imperator carrots. This cultivar has vigorous foliage, is of high sugar content, and has long and slender roots, tapering to a pointed tip. Imperator types are the most widely cultivated by commercial growers.[46] Varieties include Imperator 58 and Sugarsnax Hybrid.
* Nantes carrots. These have sparse foliage, are cylindrical, short with a more blunt tip than Imperator types, and attain high yields in a range of conditions. The skin is easily damaged and the core is deeply pigmented. They are brittle, high in sugar and store less well than other types.[46] Varieties include Nelson Hybrid, Scarlet Nantes and Sweetness Hybrid.
One particular variety lacks the usual orange pigment due to carotene, and owing its white colour to a recessive gene fortocopherol (vitamin E).[56] Derived from Daucus carota L. and patented at the University of Wisconsin–Madison,[56] the variety is intended to supplement the dietary intake of Vitamin E.[57]
Storage
Carrots can be stored for several months in the refrigerator or over winter in a moist, cool place. For long term storage, unwashed carrots can be placed in a bucket between layers of sand, a 50/50 mix of sand and wood shavings, or in soil. A temperature range of 32 to 40 °F (0 to 5 °C) is best.[62][63]
Myth
Night Vision
The provitamin A beta-carotene from carrots does not actually help people to see in the dark unless there is already a deficiency of vitamin A.[64] This myth was propaganda used by the Royal Air Force during the Second World War to explain why their pilots had improved success during night air battles, but was actually used to disguise advances in radar technology and the use of red lights on instrument panels.[65]
References
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13.    ^ Robatsky et al. (1999), pp. 6–7.
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19.    ^ Czepa, Andreas; Hofmann, Thomas (2003). "Structural and sensory characterization of compounds contributing to the bitter off-taste of carrots (Daucus carota L.) and carrot puree". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51 (13): 3865–3873. doi:10.1021/jf034085+. PMID 12797757.
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22. ^     to:a b Abdel-Aal el-SM, Akhtar H, Zaheer K, Ali R (2013)."Dietary sources of lutein and zeaxanthin carotenoids and their role in eye health". Nutrients 5 (4): 1169–85.doi:10.3390/nu5041169. PMC 3705341.PMID 23571649.
23.    ^ Strube, Michael; OveDragsted, Lars (1999). Naturally Occurring Antitumourigens. IV. Carotenoids Except ?-Carotene. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers. p. 48. ISBN 978-92-893-0342-2.
24.    ^ Novotny, Janet A.; Dueker, S.R.; Zech, L.A.; Clifford, A.J. (1995). "Compartmental analysis of the dynamics of ?-carotene metabolism in an adult volunteer". Journal of Lipid Research 36 (8): 1825–1838. PMID 7595103.
25. ^     to:a b c "Nutrition facts for carrots, raw [Includes USDA commodity food A099], per 100 g, USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, version SR-21". Conde Nast. 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
26. ^     to:a b Rubatsky et al. (1999), p. 254.
27.    ^ Johnson EJ (2014). "Role of lutein and zeaxanthin in visual and cognitive function throughout the lifespan". Nutr Rev 72(9): 605–12. doi:10.1111/nure.12133. PMID 25109868.
28.    ^ Hedrén, E.; Diaz, V.; Svanburg, U. (2002). "Estimation of carotenoid accessibility from carrots determined by an in vitro digestion method". European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56 (5): 425–430. doi:10.1038/sj/ejcn/1601329.PMID 12001013.
29.    ^ Martino, Robert S. (2006). Enjoyable Cooking. AuthorHouse. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-4259-6658-4.
30.    ^ Gisslen, Wayne (2010). Professional Cooking, College Version. John Wiley & Sons. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-470-19752-3.
31. ^     to:a b Rubatsky et al. (1999), p. 253.
32.    ^ Yeager, Selene; Editors of Prevention (2008). The Doctors Book of Food Remedies: The Latest Findings on the Power of Food to Treat and Prevent Health Problems – From Aging and Diabetes to Ulcers and Yeast Infections. Rodale. p. 366. ISBN 978-1-60529-506-0.
33.    ^ Brown, Ellen (2012). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Smoothies. DK Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-4362-9393-8.
34.    ^ Burney, P.; Summers, C.; Chinn, S.; Hooper, R.; Van Ree, R.; Lidholm, J. (2010). "Prevalence and distribution of sensitization to foods in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey: A EuroPrevall analysis". Allergy65 (9): 1182–1188. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02346.x.
35.    ^ Ballmer-Weber, B.K.; Skamstrup Hansen, K.; Sastre, J.; Andersson, K.; Bätscher, I.; Ostling, J.; Dahl, L.; Hanschmann, K.M.; Holzhauser, T.; Poulsen, L.K.; Lidholm, J.; Vieths, S. (2012). "Component-resolved in vitro diagnosis of carrot allergy in three different regions of Europe". Allergy67 (6): 758–766. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02827.x.PMID 22486768.
36.    ^ Gupta, Niru (2000). Cooking the Up Way. Orient Blackswan. p. 17. ISBN 978-81-250-1558-1.
37.    ^ Chapman, Pat (2007). India Food and Cooking: The Ultimate Book on Indian Cuisine. New Holland Publishers. pp. 158–230. ISBN 978-1-84537-619-2.
38.    ^ Bidlack, Wayne R.; Rodriguez, Raymond L. (2011).Nutritional Genomics: The Impact of Dietary Regulation of Gene Function on Human Disease. CRC Press. p. 321.ISBN 978-1-4398-4452-6.
39.    ^ Shannon, Nomi (1998). The Raw Gourmet. Book Publishing Company. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-920470-48-0.
40. ^     to:a b c Cunningham, Sally Jean (2000). Great Garden Companions: A Companion-Planting System for a Beautiful, Chemical-Free Vegetable Garden. Rodale. pp. 195–196.ISBN 978-0-87596-847-6.
41.    ^ Riotte, L. (1998). Carrots Love Tomatoes: Secrets of Companion Planting for Successful Gardening. Storey Publishing, LLC. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-60342-396-0.
42.    ^ Carr, Anna (1998). Rodale's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Herbs. Rodale. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-87596-964-0.
43.    ^ Elzer-Peters, K. (2014). Midwest Fruit & Vegetable Gardening: Plant, Grow, and Harvest the Best Edibles – Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota & Wisconsin. Cool Springs Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-61058-960-4.
44.    ^ Benjamin et al. 1997, p. 557.
45.    ^ Abbott, Catherine (2012). The Year-Round Harvest: A Seasonal Guide to Growing, Eating, and Preserving the Fruits and Vegetables of Your Labor. Adams Media. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-1-4405-2816-3.
46. ^     to:a b c d e Production guidelines for carrot (PDF) (Report). Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries Department: Republic of South Africa.
47.    ^ Davis, R. Michael (2004). "Carrot diseases and their management". In Naqvi S.A.M.H. Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables: Diagnosis and Management. Springer. pp. 397–439. ISBN 978-1-4020-1822-0.
48.    ^ "Carrot cavity spot". University of California Agriculture & Natural Resources. September 2012. Retrieved 2013-03-21.
49.    ^ Benjamin et al. 1997, pp. 570–571.
50.    ^ Grubben, G.J.H. (2004). Vegetables. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. p. 282. ISBN 978-90-5782-147-9.
51.    ^ Jordan, Michele Anna (2011). California Home Cooking: 400 Recipes that Celebrate the Abundance of Farm and Garden, Orchard and Vineyard, Land and Sea. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-55832-597-5.
52.    ^ Tiwari, B.K.; Brunton, Nigel P.; Brennan, Charles (2012).Handbook of Plant Food Phytochemicals: Sources, Stability and Extraction. John Wiley & Sons. p. 405. ISBN 978-1-118-46467-0.
53.    ^ "Scientists unveil 'supercarrot'". BBC News. 15 January 2008. Retrieved 2013-03-22.
54.    ^ Greene, Wesley (2012). Vegetable Gardening the Colonial Williamsburg Way: 18th-Century Methods for Today's Organic Gardeners. Rodale. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-60961-162-0.
55.    ^ "Carrots History" Retrieved on 2009-02-26
56. ^     to:a b US patent 6437222, Irwin L. Goldman and D. Nicholas Breitbach, "Reduced pigment gene of carrot and its use", issued 2002-8-20
57.    ^ For an overview of the nutritional value of carrots of different colours, see Philipp Simon, Pigment Power in Carrot colour, College of Agricultural & Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
58.    ^ Simon et al. (2008), p. 327.
59.    ^ "FAOSTAT database". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 16 January 2013. Retrieved 2013-03-21.
60.    ^ Rubatsky et al. (1999), p. 18.
61.    ^ Bradeen and Simon (2007), pp. 164–165.
62.    ^ Gist, Sylvia. "Successful Cold Storage". Backwoods Home Magazine. Retrieved 2013-03-21.
63.    ^ Owen, Marion. "What's Up Doc? Carrots!". UpBeat Gardener. PlanTea. Retrieved 2013-03-21.
64.    ^ "Fact sheet for health professionals: Vitamin A". Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health. 3 June 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2008.
65.    ^ Maron DF (23 June 2014). "Fact or Fiction?: Carrots Improve Your Vision". Scientific American. Retrieved17 September 2015.
[sourc - retrieved from  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot   on  11/15/2015]
 
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to  www.jw.org].
 
To view this plant, go to, https://images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=A0LEVipJLklW1W8AXQ4PxQt.;_ylu=X3oDMTByMjB0aG5zBGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNzYw--?p=Carrot&fr=yhs-avg-fh_lsonsw&hspart=avg&hsimp=yhs-fh_lsonsw
 
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Your Friend in Christ Iris89 
 
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org! 
 
 

COMBINATION OF [1] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND  [2] Discourse on Modalism - What it is And What it is Not .      With the Scripture of the Day first.
 
[1]  SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY – [Thursday]
 
Knowing this first, that there shall come in the last days scoffers, walking after their own lusts,  4  And saying, Where is the promise of his coming? for since the fathers fell asleep, all things continue as they were from the beginning of the creation.  5  For this they willingly are ignorant of, that by the word of God the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of the water and in the water:  6  Whereby the world that then was, being overflowed with water, perished:  2 Peter 3:3 – 6  [authorized King James Bible; AV]
 
Yes, ignorance of what shortly is coming, the conclusion of the End Times, prophesied by Jesus (Yeshua), and noted by him that even he did NOT know the hour or day, but only his Father knew, at Matthew 24:36, [AV], “But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels of heaven, but my Father only.”  However, as 2 Peter 3:7 - 13 [AV], “But the heavens and the earth, which are now, by the same word are kept in store, reserved unto fire against the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men.  8 But, beloved, be not ignorant of this one thing, that one day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day.  9   The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count  slackness; but is longsuffering to us–ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance.  10  But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night; in the which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the works that are therein shall be burned up.  11 Seeing then that all these things shall be dissolved, what manner of persons ought ye to be in all holy conversation and godliness, 12  Looking for and hasting unto the coming of the day of God, wherein the heavens being on fire shall be dissolved, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat?  13  Nevertheless we, according to his promise, look for new heavens and a new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness.”  
 
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Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to WWW.JW.ORG!
 
[2] Discourse on Modalism - What it is And What it is Not:
 
<<Introduction:>>
 
Modalism is the creedal false belief that there is only one person in the Godhead who manifests himself in three forms or manners: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Believe it or not this ancient doctrine of error is alive and well and actually masquerading as another false doctrine of error in many instances.
 
From the 'Theopeoia an Encyclopedia of Biblical Christianity' modalism is defined as the, "belief that God has revealed himself in three forms or modes. Therefore, God is one person who takes on different modes at different times. Jesus during the incarnation was simply God acting in one mode, whereas the Holy Spirit at Pentecost was God acting in a different mode. Thus, God never exists as the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit at the same time. He can only be one of them at any specific time. Modalism thus denies the basic distinctiveness of the three persons found within the biblical doctrine of the Trinity.
It was condemned by Tertullian circa 213 (Tertullian Against Praxeas 1, in Ante Nicene Fathers, vol. 3). Also known as Sabellianism, it was condemned as heresy by Dionysius, bishop of Rome (circa 262).
Modalism is probably the most common theological error concerning the nature of God. Sometimes one might hear the Trinity explained by comparing it with the nature of water, which can exist in three differnt forms - as ice, liquid, and steam. However, this is the error of Modalism. [source - Theopeoia an Encyclopedia of Biblical Christianity]
 
Modalism is a very common theological error concerning the nature of God. It is a creedal belief as is the Trinity, but states that God is a single person who, throughout biblical history, has revealed Himself in three modes, or forms. Thus, God is said to be a single person or Jesus (Yeshua) is God (YHWH) who first manifested himself in the mode of the Father in Old Testament times. At the human birth of the Son, Jesus (Yeshua) in Matthew the first chapter, the mode was the Son. After Jesus' (Yeshua's) ascension, the mode became the Holy Spirit. These modes are consecutive and never simultaneous. In other words, the Father (YHWH), the Son, Jesus (Yeshua), and the Holy Spirit never all exist at the same time, only one after another. Modalism in contrast to the false creedal doctrine of the Trinity denies the distinctiveness of the three persons claimed to be in the Trinity even though it keeps the divinity of Christ.
 
It is the error that there is only one person in the so called godhead who manifests himself in three forms or manners which are: Father (YHWH), the Son, Jesus (Yeshua), and the Holy Spirit.
 
<<THE THREE CREEDAL BELIEFS, THEIR DEFINITION, AND UNIQUENESS:>>
 
ONENESS THEOLOGY
They believe that the Father (YHWH), the Son, Jesus (Yeshua or YHWH saves) and the Holy Spirit are the same God with no distinction in person or being. That only one God simply manifests himself in these three ways at different times.
 
Uniqueness - They believe that they are unique in that they conform strictly to the objective of having only one God where as others have more than one God. In many aspects it is similar to Modalism, but theologically speaking it is considered a distinct creedal doctrine. However, many writers fail to differentiate between Modalism and Oneness Theology and this is an error.
 
SABELLIANISM THEOLOGY OR MODALISM:
God is three only in relation to the world, in so many "manifestations" or "modes." The unity and identity of God are such that the Son of God, Jesus (Yeshua or YHWH saves) did not exist before the incarnation; because the Father (YHWH) and the Son, Jesus (Yeshua or YHWH saves) are thus one, the Father (YHWH) suffered with the Son, Jesus (Yeshua or YHWH saves) in his passion and death.
 
Uniqueness - They believe that God is one in earthly manifestations, but not heavenly. [Branham's Bible Believers, Inc.][ to Branham's 1189 page book "Conduct, Order, Doctrine of the Church," the "First thing is to straighten out you on your 'trinity' Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. "God is like a three-foot rule... The first twelve inches was God, the Father; the second twelve inches, God, the Son, the same God; the third twelve inches was God, the Holy Ghost, the same God," (pp.182 & 184). Branham clarifies his position in a speech given October 2, 1957 when he exclaims, "See, there cannot be an Eternal son, because a son had to have a beginning. And so Jesus had a beginning, God had no beginning," (Ibid, p.273).]
[[Note, this has much in common with Oneness Theology]]
 
TRINITARIAN THEOLOGY
They believe that there is one but God made up of three separate and distinct persons of but one indivisible essence. That these three persons existed from eternity, and are co-equal in power and substance. These individuals are known as Father (YHWH), Son, Jesus (Yeshua or YHWH saves) and the Holy Spirit. The undivided essence of God belongs equally to each of the three persons. The Church (Catholic, Orthodox, and most Protestants) confesses the Trinity to be a mystery beyond the comprehension of man.
 
Uniqueness - They see a distinction in the persons of God, but hold that there is but one God. It is a mystery, i.e., they are not able to explain it.[ source - Discourse on John 1:1 + Appendix by the PhD. Husband of Iris the Preacher, 1999]
 
<<THE CORE CREEDAL DOCTRINE OF MODALISM AND ITS ORIGIN:>>
 
From 'Catholic Answers,' "The early Christians were quick to spot new heresies. In the third century, Sabellius, a Libyan priest who was staying at Rome, invented a new one. He claimed there is only one person in the Godhead, so that the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are all one person with different "offices," rather than three persons who are one being in the Godhead, as the orthodox position holds.
 
Of course, people immediately recognized that Sabellius's teaching contradicted the historic faith of the Church, and he was quickly excommunicated. His heresy became known as Sabellianism, Modalism, and Patripassianism. It was called Sabellianism after its founder, Modalism after the three modes or roles which it claimed the one person of the Trinity occupied, and Patripassianism after its implication that the person of the Father (Pater-) suffered (-passion) on the cross when Jesus died.
 
Because Modalism asserts that there is only one person in the Godhead, it makes nonsense of passages which show Jesus talking to his Father (e.g., John 17), or declaring he is going to be with the Father (John 14:12, 28, 16:10) One role of a person cannot go to be with another role of that person, or say that the two of them will send the Holy Spirit while they remain in heaven (John 14:16-17, 26, 15:26, 16:13-15; Acts 2:32-33). [Catholic Answers]
 
And from 'The Catholic Encyclopedia,' "Heretics of the second and third centuries. The word, Monarchiani, was first used by Tertullian as a nickname for the Patripassian group (adv. Prax., x), and was seldom used by the ancients. In modern times it has been extended to an earlier group of heretics, who are distinguished as Dynamistic, or Adoptionist, Monarchians from the Modalist Monarchians, or Patripassians [Sabellians].
 
I. DYNAMISTS, OR ADOPTIONISTS
All Christians hold the unity (monarchia) of God as a fundamental doctrine. By the Patripassians this first principle was used to deny the Trinity, and they are with some reason called Monarchians. But the Adoptionists, or Dynamists, have no claim to the title, for they did not start from the monarchy of God, and their error is strictly Christological. An account of them must, however, be given here simply because the name Monarchian has adhered to them in spite of the repeated protests of historians of dogma. But their ancient and accurate name was Theodotians. The founder of the sect was a leather-seller of Byzantium named Theodotus. He came to Rome under Pope Victor (c. 190-200) or earlier. He taught (Philosophumena, VII, xxxv) that Jesus was a man born of a virgin according to the counsel of the Father, that He lived like other men, and was most pious; that at His baptism in the Jordan the Christ came down upon Him in the likeness of a dove, and therefore wonders (dynameis) were not wrought in Him until the Spirit (which Theodotus called Christ) came down and was manifested in Him. They did not admit that this made Him God; but some of them said He was God after His resurrection. It was reported that Theodotus had been seized, with others, at Byzantium as a Christian, and that he had denied Christ, whereas his companions had been martyred; he had fled to Rome, and had invented his heresy in order to excuse his fall, saying that it was but a man and not God that he had denied. Pope Victor excommunicated him, and he gathered together a sect in which we are told much secular study was carried on. Hippolytus says that they argued on Holy Scripture in syllogistic form. Euclid, Aristotle, and Theophrastus were their admiration, and Galen they even adored. We should probably assume, with Harnack, that Hippolytus would have had less objection to the study of Plato or the Stoics, and that he disliked their purely literal exegesis, which neglected the allegorical sense. They also emended the text of Scripture, but their versions differed, that of Asclepiodotus was different from that of Theodotus, and again from that of Hermophilus; and the copies of Apolloniades did not even tally with one another. Some of them "denied the law and the Prophets", that is to say, they followed Marcion in rejecting the Old Testament. The only disciple of the leather-seller of whom we know anything definite is his namesake Theodotus the banker (ho trapezites). He added to his master's doctrine the view that Melchisedech was a celestial power, who was the advocate for the angels in heaven, as Jesus Christ was for men upon earth (a view found among later sects). (See MELCHISEDECHIANS). This teaching was of course grounded on Hebrews, vii, 3, and it is refuted at length by St. Epiphanius as Heresy 55, "Melchisedechians", after he has attacked the leather-seller under Heresy 54, "Theodotians". As he meets a series of arguments of both heretics, it is probable that some writings of the sect had been before Hippolytus, whose lost "Syntagma against all heresies" supplied St. Epiphanius with all his information. After the death of Pope Victor, Theodotus, the banker, and Asclepiodotus designed to raise their sect from the position of a mere school like those of the Gnostics to the rank of a Church like that of Marcion. They got hold of a certain confessor named Natalius, and persuaded him to be called their bishop at a salary of 150 denarii (24 dollars) a month. Natalius thus became the first antipope. But after he had joined them, he was frequently warned in visions by the Lord, Who did not wish His martyr to be lost outside the Church. He neglected the visions, for the sake of the honour and gain, but finally was scourged all night by the holy angels, so that in the morning with haste and tears he betook himself in sackcloth and ashes to Pope Zephyrinus and cast himself at the feet of the clergy, and even of the laity, showing the weals of the blows, and was after some difficulty restored to communion. This story is quoted by Eusebius II (VI, xxviii) from the "Little Labyrinth" of the contemporary Hippolytus, a work composed against Artemon, a late leader of the sect (perhaps c. 225-30), whom he did not mention in the "Syntagma" or the "Philosophumena". Our knowledge of Artemon, or Artemas, is limited to the reference to him made at the end of the Council of Antioch against Paul of Samosata (about 266-268), where that heretic was said to have followed Artemon, and in fact the teaching of Paul is but a more learned and theological development of Theodotianism (see Paul of Samosata). [The Catholic Encyclopedia]
 
And, from 'Basic Theology' we have additional information on Modalism as follows, "The anti-Trinitarian belief that the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are "modes" of God, but not true persons capable of interacting with one another.
 
The early church initially struggled with the question of whether Jesus was fully God (see Ebionism, Docetism, and Adoptionism) in the same sense as the Father. Once the councils agreed that Jesus is fully God (as is the Holy Spirit), they struggled to reconcile this with monotheism.
Modalism offered a simple and enticing solution. Its proponents taught that God is a mono-personal being that can change "modes," assuming the role of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit at different times. Webster's metaphysical definition for mode is "the form, or way of being, of something, as distinct from its substance." Modalism teaches that God has one substance, but several "ways of being." The common illustration that the Trinity is like the forms of water-ice, liquid, and steam-unfortunately is an exact representation of Modalism rather than Trinitarianism.
 
Although Modalism initially has appeal in its simplicity, it is a dangerous teaching because it misunderstands not only "what" God is, but more importantly, "who" God is and therefore who we are. If the Father, Son, and Spirit are only modes of God (or "masks" as some taught), then the God behind the mask is unknown to us. We are forced to understand the Father, Son and Spirit as illusions and not the true God we desire to know and love. Moreover, if we are God's children in relation to him as Father, but the Father is an illusion, then our status as his children is also an illusion (6 Because you are sons, God has sent forth the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying, "Abba! Father!" Galatians 4:6"Gal 4:6).
Modalism also fails to account for greater than 70 passages in Scripture where the Father, Son and Spirit are mentioned together as distinct from one another and as interacting with one another. In Jesus' baptism (16 After being baptized, Jesus came up immediately from the water; and behold, the heavens were opened, and he saw the Spirit of God descending as a dove and lighting on Him, 17 and behold, a voice out of the heavens said, "This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well-pleased." Matthew 3:16-17"Matt. 3:16-17), the Father speaks and the Spirit descends upon Jesus. In the Garden of Gethsamane (36 And He was saying, "Abba! Father! All things are possible for You; remove this cup from Me; yet not what I will, but what You will." Mark 14:36"Mark 14:36) and hanging on the cross (46 And Jesus, crying out with a loud voice, said, "Father, into Your hands I commit My spirit." Having said this, He breathed His last. Luke 23:46"Luke 23:46), Jesus himself prays to Father. John's Gospel is full of reference to the three person's relations, not only in their speaking to one another (John 17), but in actions such as "sending" (24 "He who does not love Me does not keep My words; and the word which you hear is not Mine, but the Father's who sent Me. 25 "These things I have spoken to you while abiding with you. 26 "But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all that I said to you. John 14:24-26"John 14:24-26; 21 So Jesus said to them again, "Peace be with you; as the Father has sent Me, I also send you." John 20:21"20:21) and "loving" (35 "The Father loves the Son and has given all things into His hand. John 3:35"John 3:35; 14:32; 9 "Just as the Father has loved Me, I have also loved you; abide in My love. John 15:9"15:9). The epistles also show the three persons as distinct. 1 Paul, an apostle (not sent from men nor through the agency of man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised Him from the dead), Galatians 1:1"Galatians 1:1 teaches the Father raised the Son; 1 My little children, I am writing these things to you so that you may not sin. And if anyone sins, we have an Advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous; 1 John 2:1"1 John 2:1 teaches the Christ is an advocate between humanity and the Father; 2 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, by the sanctifying work of the Spirit, to obey Jesus Christ and be sprinkled with His blood: May grace and peace be yours in the fullest measure. 1 Peter 1:2"1 Peter 1:2 teaches different roles for each Person of God in the salvation of man; the relationship between the Father and the Son is given as the modal for the fellowship between believers (3 what we have seen and heard we proclaim to you also, so that you too may have fellowship with us; and indeed our fellowship is with the Father, and with His Son Jesus Christ. 1 John 1:3"1 John 1:3).
 
Modalism was the most common Trinitarian error in the history of the church and it continues today. Many in the church may inadvertently hold to Modalism without realizing it, but others still openly deny the personal distinctiveness of the Father, Son and Spirit. Groups such as Oneness Pentecostals and the "Jesus only" movement, popular preachers (notably T.D. Jakes), and even some Christian musicians (such as Philips, Craig and Dean, click here for more) are modern Modalists [BasicTheology]
 
We can see just as the previous article stated, " Many in the church may inadvertently hold to Modalism without realizing it, but others still openly deny the personal distinctiveness of the Father, Son and Spirit" How so? Well many in error claim that Jesus (Yeshua) is God (YHWH) thinking it is in accordance with the false creedal doctrine of the Trinity when in reality is is the very basis of Modalism; to wit, the central error of Modalism that there is only one God (YHWH) who manifest himself in three forms or manifestations, i.e., the Son, Jesus (Yeshua); the Father, Almighty God (YHWH), and the Holy Spirit. This though is the very essence of the false creedal doctrine of Modalism and definitely NOT in line with the false creedal doctrine of the Trinity.
 
ENCYCLOPEDIA DEFINITION OF MODDALISM:
 
'From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. " Many in the church may inadvertently hold to Modalism without realizing it, but others still openly deny the personal distinctiveness of the Father, Son and Spirit
 
In Christianity, Sabellianism (also known as modalism) is the second-century belief that the three persons of the Trinity are merely different modes or aspects of God, rather than three distinct persons. It is attributed to Sabellius, who taught a form of this doctrine in Rome in the second century. Hippolytus knew Sabellius personally and mentioned him in the Philosophumena. He knew Sabellius disliked Trinitarian theology, yet he called Modal Monarchism the heresy of Noetos, not that of Sabellius. Sabellianism was embraced by Christians in Cyrenaica, to whom Demetrius, Patriarch of Alexandria, wrote letters arguing against this belief.
 
Another name for this doctrine is Patripassianism from the Latin words patris for "father", and passus for "to suffer". This name was given because the doctrine implies that God the Father came to earth and suffered in the form of God the Son. Some Trinitarians argue that Sabellianism logically leads to Nestorianism.
 
Today, Sabellianism is rejected by most types of Christianity. It is accepted primarily by some Pentecostal groups, sometimes referred to as Oneness Pentecostals or "Jesus Only" Pentecostals.
Historic Sabellianism taught that God the Father was the only person of the Godhead, as do Oneness Pentecostals today. This teaching proports that the identity of God the Father and Jesus is the same. According to this belief, the terms "Father" and "Holy Spirit" both describe the one God who dwelt in Jesus. Some Oneness detractors call this the "Jesus-Only doctrine".[source - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]
 
Note, Technically speaking, the false creedal doctrine of Oneness is not Modalism, but a closely related creedal doctrine of error as previously shown in part '<<THE THREE CREEDAL BELIEFS, THEIR DEFINITION, AND UNIQUENESS:>>' of this document.
 
THE 'JESUS-ONLY' OR JESUS IS GOD MODALISM FALSE CREEDAL DOCTRINE:
 
The "Jesus-Only" heretical doctrine, taken as a quote from "The Trinity" by Dr. Robert Morey. "From the beginning, Modalism was based on the Platonic doctrine that God was an indivisible Monad and could not be divided into three separate Persons. Thus, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are not to be viewed as three distinct Persons, but as three different manifestations, modes, administrations, disguises, roles, or offices of one and the same Person.
 
If this is true, then how can the Bible describe the Father speaking to the Son in such places as Matthew 3:17? If there is only one Person in the conversation, is He talking to Himself? The Modalist's typical answer is that the divine nature or the spirit of Jesus is talking to the human nature or the flesh of Jesus. Thus, the dual natures of Christ are talking to each other.
Admittedly, this concept is quite confusing. How can two natures talk to each other? Doesn't a conversation require two persons interacting? How can one nature be the Master and the other nature the servant? How can one nature send the other nature to do a task for Him? The Modalist doctrine of the two natures of Christ talking to each other is a greater mystery than the Trinity.
Jesus is the Father.
 
Who is this One Person? The first Modalists believed that the Father was the Person hiding behind the masks. Thus, if you removed the mask of the Son or the mask of the Holy Spirit, you would find the "Father only." It was, thus, the Father who was incarnate in the womb of the Virgin. It was the Father who lived on earth and died for our sins. It was even the Father who descended upon Jesus as the Holy Spirit at His baptism. It was the Father who was poured out on the day of Pentecost. The Son and the Holy Spirit are only the Father manifesting Himself in different disguises, ways, or modes.
The Father is Jesus
 
Instead of saying that "Jesus is the Father," most modern Modalists reverse the order and say that "the Father is Jesus." Jesus is the indivisible Person behind the masks of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. And, once you remove those masks, you will see "Jesus only."
 
In the end, it does not really matter whether the one indivisible Person is the Father or Jesus because the Trinity is destroyed either way. The main problem confronting both kinds of Modalists is that they begin with the a priori assumption that God is one indivisible Person and cannot be divided into more than one person. When they reject the Trinity on this basis, they are simply arguing in a circle.
 
Modalism Today, The United Pentecostals, the Church of the Lord Jesus Christ, Church of the Lord Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith, the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World, Church of Jesus, and over a hundred other "Jesus Only" groups teach that Jesus is the Person who manifests Himself as the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Thus, they baptize in the name of "Jesus only" instead of in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. [source - Taken from "The Trinity" by Dr. Robert Morey].
 
MODALISM IS ALIVE AND WELL TODAY:
 
First, a statement, even though many writers lump together Modalism and Oneness they are really separate creedal doctrines of error and not one as clearly shown in part '<<THE THREE CREEDAL BELIEFS, THEIR DEFINITION, AND UNIQUENESS:>>' of this document.
 
There are many groups that either believe in the false creedal doctrine of Modalism in its entirety and/or parts there of. Any group for example that says Jesus is God actually, regardless of what they claim to believe such as the false creedal doctrine of the Trinity is actually accepting the central tenets of Modalism; to with, that god (YHWH) exist in three modes and/or manifestations, i.e., the Son, Jesus (Yeshua); the Father, God Almighty (YHWH); and the Holy Spirit. However, many making this Modalism claim think of themselves as Trinitarian due to lack of knowledge.
 
Now let's look at a true Modalist group that makes no claim to believe the false creedal doctrine of the Trinity.
'
This group is the Bible Believers who split from a oneness group under the guidance of William Branham. "In 1995 a team from Bible Believers accompanied Pastor Byskal who had been asked to speak at three conventions. Approximately 250 pastors and ministers were met during the conventions and special ministers meetings. It was determined that there was a great need to place the message in the hands of the Pastors.
 
Bible Believers took up the challenge to provide tape libraries of William Branham's messages, to increase the number of translated sermons in the three main languages, to provide Bibles, E-books and clothing.
It was determined that the most cost effective way to provide Seed Libraries in this part of the world, would be from a local office.
An office was established for duplication of Seed Libraries, distribution of Message books and other resource materials.
 
To date Bible Believers has provided:
Almost 200 Seed Libraries, each containing 160 sermon messages of William Branham.
Several thousand Bibles (English, Filipino, Illacano, and Cebuano) have been distributed.
Approximately 15,000 translated message books are printed and distributed each month.
More than 150 Pastors have received Sony E-Books, providing the entire Bible and Message in their hand.
Eight tons of good used clothing has gone to very needy believers." [source - Bible Believers Missions, Bibleway Ministries]
 
Now who was William Branham? "Branham was converted around the age of twenty and married Hope Brumbach. His conversion was a result of a series of visions occurring during and after a life threatening illness (Acts of the Prophet, pp. 40-43).
 
He then became an itinerant preacher with the missionary Baptist Church.
He claimed that this voice from childhood followed him the rest of his life and was the voice which controlled his healing ministry (we find out later is an angel). Branham had received two revelations, the first occurred years later at the river the 2nd at his commission.
 
It was June 11, 1933, a hot summer, Sunday afternoon. Almost 4000 people had gathered to witness a Baptismal service being conducted by young Branham. While baptizing converts in the Ohio River, that the voice spoke again: at that moment a blazing Star came whirling down out of the heavens with the sound of rushing wind audible to all. It hovered right above the Prophet.
 
"I was baptizing down on the river, my first converts, at the Ohio River ... And just then a whirl come from the heavens above, and here come that Light, shining down. ... And It hung right over where I was at. A Voice spoke from there, and said, "As John the Baptist was sent for the forerunner of the first coming of Christ, you've got a Message that will bring forth the forerunning of the Second Coming of Christ." And it liked to a-scared me to death. And I went back, and all the people there ... they asked me, said, "What did that Light mean?"
Witnesses are said "A big group of colored people from the-the Gilead Age Baptist church and the Lone Star church down there, and many of those was down there, they began screaming when they saw that happen, people fainted. [source -William Branham, How the Angel Came to Me, and His Commission ( End Time Message Tabernacle) p. 18)]
 
More on William Burnham, "Branham retells a story about how everyone is saying his experiences of the devil. When he asks the angel about this the Angel explains to him that they said the same about Jesus, " When the ministry of the Lord Jesus Christ begin to take place, the ministers said, He was Beelzebub, the Devil' but the devils said, he was the Son of God....Paul and Barnabas when they were up there preaching. The ministers said, These men turn the world upside down . they're evil, they're the devil. And the little old fortune teller out in the street recognized that Paul and Barnabas was men of God.. Is that right "Spiritualists soothsayers, demon possessed people." [source - How the Angel came to me, and his Commission p.79]
 
<<CONCLUSION>>
 
As clearly shown by the central principle or belief of the false creedal doctrine of Modalism that God (YHWH) is one distict individual who manifest himself in there (3) forms or manifestations: The Son, Jesus (yeshua); the Father, Almighty God (YHWH); and the Holy Spirit; and by Dr. Robert Morey when writing of the "Jesus-Only" heretical doctrine, taken as a quote his book, "The Trinity," the doctrinal concept of 'Jesus is God' is a Modalist concept and NOT a Trinitarian concept. Yet many believers in the false creedal belief of the Trinity unknowingly or possibly knowingly actually end up believing the central principle and/or concept of the false creedal doctrine of Modalism.
 
They will even produce long arguments and twist scriptures at will to fit their Modalist concept while all the time thinking they are supporting the false creedal doctrine of the Trinity. But let's review the central concept and/or principle of the false creedal doctrine of Modalism so this is very clear.
 
As stated at the beginning, "Modalism is the creedal false belief that there is only one person in the Godhead who manifests himself in three forms or manners: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit." That actually says it all with respect to what false creedal doctrine the idea that 'Jesus is God' belongs to.
 
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 COMBINATION OF THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND THE RARE FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES.   With the Scripture of the Day first.
 
SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY – [Saturday]
 
God that made the world and all things therein, seeing that he is Lord of heaven and earth, dwelleth not in temples made with hands;  25  Neither is worshipped with men’s hands, as though he needed any thing, seeing he giveth to all life, and breath, and all things;  26  And hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation;  27  That they should seek the Lord, if haply they might feel after him, and find him, though he be not far from every one of us:  28  For in him we live, and move, and have our being; as certain also of your own poets have said, For we are also his offspring.  Acts 17:24 – 28  [authorized King James Bible; AV]
 
Yes, Almighty God (YHWH), provides for mankind all the necessities of life.  Now consider what this statement entails as recorded at Psalms 115:15 – 16, [AV], “Ye are blessed of the LORD which made heaven and earth.  16  The heaven, even the heavens, are the LORD’S: but the earth hath he given to the children of men.”  In fact, the earth is unique in many ways such as having an offset rotational axis that provides for the seasons, an atmosphere composed of sufficient oxygen for life without poisonous gases, sufficient gravitational force so we do not fly off into space, much good ground sufficient to raise eatable vegetation, animals and plants for our enjoyment and food, etc.  He created the earth for our enjoyment as highlighted at Psalm 8:3 – 9, [AV], “When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained;  4  What is man, that thou art mindful of him? and the son of man, that thou visitest him?  5  For thou hast made him a little lower than the angels, and hast crowned him with glory and honour.  6  Thou madest him to have dominion over the works of thy hands; thou hast put all things under his feet:  7  All sheep and oxen, yea, and the beasts of the field;  8  The fowl of the air, and the fish of the sea, and whatsoever passeth through the paths of the seas.  9  O LORD our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth!”
 
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Your Friend in Christ Iris89 
 
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to WWW.JW.ORG!
 
 
THE RARE FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES:
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Garcinia indica,  kokum, a plant in the mangosteen family (Clusiaceae), commonly known as kokum, is a fruit-bearing tree that has culinary, pharmaceutical, and industrial uses.
The genus Garcinia, belonging to the family Clusiaceae, includes about 200 species found in the Old World tropics, mostly in Asia and Africa. Garcinia indica is indigenous to the Western Ghats region of India located along the western coast of the country. Of the 35 species found in India, 17 are endemic. Of these, seven are endemic to the Western Ghats, six in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and four in the northeastern region of India.
Garcinia indica is found in forest lands, riversides and wastelands. These plants prefer evergreen forests, but sometimes they also thrive in areas with relatively low rainfall. It is also cultivated on a small scale. It does not require irrigation, spraying of pesticides or fertilizers.
Uses[edit]
Culinary uses
The outer cover of fruit is dried in the sun to get aamsul or kokam. It is also known as bhirand in Konkani and punarpuli in Kannada. It is used as a staple souring agent typically in Goan cuisine and some parts of Maharashtra and Karnataka. Kokum yields a peculiar flavour and blackish red colour. It is a preferred substitute for tamarind in curries and other dishes from the Goa and Konkanregion.[citation needed] It is also used in cuisine from Gujarat, where it is frequently used to add flavor and tartness to dal (lentil soup) for flavor balance, and parts of South India.It is extensively used in Assamese cuisine in many dishes like " masor tenga " or sour fish curry and " tenga dali " or sour dal. It is also used as a cure for upset stomach and colds. A few dry pieces are soaked in water for some time and then the pieces are mashed in the water itself and can be taken in whole.
Kokum squash or kokum concentrate is used in preparing a drink (sherbet) which is bright red in colour. Kokum sherbet improves digestion and cools the body during summers[citation needed].
Further, the extract/ concentrate of this fruit is called aagal in Konkani and Marathi. It is added during the preparation of solkadhi, along with coconut milk.
Industrial uses
The seed of Garcinia indica contains 23–26% oil, which remains solid at room temperature. It is used in the preparation of confectionery, medicines and cosmetics.
Recently, industries have started extracting hydroxycitric acid (HCA) from the rind of the fruit.[citation needed]
Other uses
The tree is ornamental, with a dense canopy of green leaves and red-tinged, tender, young leaves. The oily extract called kokum tel is used in foot massage.
Pharmacological study[edit]
Aqueous extracts of the dried fruits of Garcinia indica have an anxiolytic effect in mice.[1]
References
1.  M.S. Patel, B.V. Antala, C.C. Barua and M. Lahkar (2013). "Anxiolytic activity of aqueous extract of Garcinia indica in mice".International Journal of Green Pharmacy 7 (4): 332–335. doi:10.4103/0973-8258.122089.
 [sourc - retrieved from  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garcinia_indica   on  10/15/2015]
 
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to  www.jw.org].
 
To view this plant, go to, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garcinia_indica  
 
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Your Friend in Christ Iris89 
 
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org! 

COMBINATION OF [1] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [2] Unity Among Jesus' (Yeshua's) True Followers.   With the Scripture of the Day first.
 
[1] SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY – [Monday]
 
O LORD, I know that the way of man is not in himself: it is not in man that walketh to direct his steps.  24  O LORD, correct me, but with judgment; not in thine anger, lest thou bring me to nothing.  Jeremiah 10:23 – 24,  [authorized King James Bible; AV]
 
To enjoy peace and harmony we MUST recognize Almighty God’s (YHWH’s) authority.  As Psalms 90:17, [AV], “And let the beauty of the LORD our God be upon us: and establish thou the work of our hands upon us; yea, the work of our hands establish thou it.”  
 
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Your Friend in Christ Iris89 
 
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to WWW.JW.ORG!
 
[2]  Unity Among Jesus' (Yeshua's) True Followers
 
INTRODUCTION:
 
Jesus (yeshua) said to his true footstep followers at Matthew 23:8, "As for you, do not be called 'Rabbi."    You have but one teacher, and you are all brothers." (The New American Bible; NAB), and at John 13:35, "By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another." (Authorized King James Bible; AV).
 
EARLY CHRISTIANS HAD UNITY:
 
Despite their imperfections, early Christians had a sense of oneness among themselves which could be likened to the oneness between marriage mates per Genesis 2:24, "By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another." (AV).   This unity of purpose that existed among early Christians was brought out by the apostle Paul at Galatians 3:28, "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus." (AV), showing all would be one in Jesus (Yeshua) Christ.
 
UNITY OF JESUS AND HIS FATHER:
 
Unity of purpose was shown by Jesus (Yeshua) and his Father, God (YHWH) at John 10:30, "I and my Father are one." (AV).    Some may claim this is one in being, but this 'one' is one in purpose and this is made clear at John 17:9-11, " I pray for them: I pray not for the world, but for them which thou hast given me; for they are thine. 10 And all mine are thine, and thine are mine; and I am glorified in them.   11 And now I am no more in the world, but these are in the world, and I come to thee. Holy Father, keep through thine own name those whom thou hast given me, that they may be one, as we are." (AV).   Which not only shows Jesus (Yeshua) and his Father (YHWH) as being one in prupose, but also, all the true Christian followers of his Son (Yeshua).   This fact is further emphasized at John 10:29, Jesus (Yeshua) clearly showed they were two separate individuals, "  My Father, which gave them me, is greater than all; and no man is able to pluck them out of my Father's hand. "(AV).  Clearly here was a giver, the Father (YHWH) whom Jesus (Yeshua) publically declared was "greater than all" which statement would include being greater than himself, Jesus (Yeshua).  Also, there was a receiver, a distinct individual, "has given them to Me."
 
PRESENT SITUATION:
 
So called Christianity today is divided among racial, political, and national lines and lacks unity.  In fact, there are now over 22,000 so called Christian religions each teaching something different.  In fact, as an example take the so called Orthodox Church which is divided into many national religions or the Methodist Church that is divided because of political and racial differences, i.e., the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) and the United Methodist Church that differ on race, etc.
 
This is NOT what Jesus (Yeshua) intended for his followers so obviously these groups can

NOT be his true followers, but only followers in name, but NOT in fact.
 
UNITY IN WORSHIP OF THE ONE TRUE GOD (YHWH):
 
Unity in worship to Almighty God (YHWH) who sits on the throne of power in heaven is shown as necessary for all at Revelation 5:13, " My Father, which gave them me, is greater than all; and no man is able to pluck them out of my Father's hand." (AV), and Revelation 15:3-4, "And they sing the song of Moses the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying, Great and marvellous are thy works, Lord God Almighty; just and true are thy ways, thou King of saints.  4 Who shall not fear thee, O Lord, and glorify thy name? for thou only art holy: for all nations shall come and worship before thee; for thy judgments are made manifest." (AV) this song of the Lamb, Jesus (Yeshua) shows all should worship his Father, God (YHWH), which clearly shows all should "come and worship before thee [Almighty God (YHWH)]"
 
CONCLUSION:
 
This unity of Jesus' (Yeshua's) true footstep followers is shown by the illustration of unity and diversity in one body at 1 Corinthians 12:12-31, "For as the body is one, and hath many members, and all the members of that one body, being many, are one body: so also is Christ. 13 For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body, whether we be Jews or Gentiles, F43 whether we be bond or free; and have been all made to drink into one Spirit. 14 For the body is not one member, but many. 15 If the foot shall say, Because I am not the hand, I am not of the body; is it therefore not of the body? 16 And if the ear shall say, Because I am not the eye, I am not of the body; is it therefore not of the body? 17 If the whole body were an eye, where were the hearing? If the whole were hearing, where were the smelling? 18 But now hath God set the members every one of them in the body, as it hath pleased him. 19 And if they were all one member, where were the body? 20 But now are they many members, yet but one body. 21 And the eye cannot say unto the hand, I have no need of thee: nor again the head to the feet, I have no need of you. 22 Nay, much more those members of the body, which seem to be more feeble, are necessary: 23 And those members of the body, which we think to be less honourable, upon these we bestow F44 more abundant honour; and our uncomely parts have more abundant comeliness. 24 For our comely parts have no need: but God hath tempered the body together, having given more abundant honour to that part which lacked: 25 That there should be no schism F45 in the body; but that the members should have the same care one for another. 26 And whether one member suffer, all the members suffer with it; or one member be honoured, all the members rejoice with it.   27 Now ye are the body of Christ, and members in particular. 28 And God hath set some in the church, first apostles, secondarily prophets, thirdly teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, governments, diversities F46 of tongues. 29 Are all apostles? are all prophets? are all teachers? are all workers of miracles? 30 Have all the gifts of healing? do all speak with tongues? do all interpret? 31 But covet earnestly the best gifts: and yet shew I unto you a more excellent way" (AV).    This unity of purpose and belief can be likened to a married couple becoming one in purpose per Matthew 19:6, "Wherefore they are no more twain, but one flesh. What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder." (AV)..
 
To learn more about the bible and religion, go to  www.jw.org

COMBINATION OF  [1] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND  [2] ANCIENT MANUSCRIPTS - CHAMPIONS OF GOD'S WORD:   With the Scripture of the Day first.
 
[1]  SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY [Thursday]
 
And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly: and his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground.  45  And when he rose up from prayer, and was come to his disciples, he found them sleeping for sorrow,  46  And said unto them, Why sleep ye? rise and pray, lest ye enter into temptation.  Luke 22:44 – 46  [authorized King James Bible; AV]
 
Here Jesus (Yeshua) was praying incesently well knowing that he was shortly to be captured by his enemies and put to death, he was filled with grief.  However, his weary disciples fell asleep.  But Job 10:1, [AV] deals with a similar situation when Job was in deep grief as follows, “My soul is weary of my life; I will leave my complaint upon myself; I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.  2  I will say unto God, Do not condemn me; shew me wherefore thou contendest with me.  3  Is it good unto thee that thou shouldest oppress, that thou shouldest despise the work of thine hands, and shine upon the counsel of the wicked?  4  Hast thou eyes of flesh? or seest thou as man seeth?  5  Are thy days as the days of man? are thy years as man’s days,  6  That thou enquirest after mine iniquity, and searchest after my sin?  7  Thou knowest that I am not wicked; and there is none that can deliver out of thine hand.”  . 
 
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Your Friend in Christ Iris89 
 
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to WWW.JW.ORG!
 
 
[2] Ancient Manuscripts - Champions of God's Word:
 
INTRODUCTION:
 
When many of the well known early great Bibles such as the Douay-Rheims, the Authorized King James, the Great Bible, etc. were translated only a few ancient manuscripts were available to the translators.   These were Jerome's Latin Vulgate and the Vatican 1209.
 
In the beginning of the 19 th. Century higher critics sought to undermine the Bible's authority.   Many scholars were challenging the authenticity of the Bible text itself.   However, defenders of the Bible maintained that new "Champions" would arise in the form of yet undiscovered ancient Bible manuscripts that would unquestionably uphold the integrity of God's (YHWH's) word.
 
WHY DISCOVERY OF MORE ANCIENT MANUSCRIPTS WAS IMPORTANT:
 
Why would discovery of more ancient manuscripts be so important?   Simple, in manuscripts older than those extant, and not under the control of the Catholic church could be found, they would serve as silent witnesses to the purity of the Bible text.   Also, such manuscripts could uncover and expose the few places where erroneous renderings, either intentional or by human error, had crept into the text.
 
Some of the most vicious debates on the authenticity of the Bible raged in Germany.   This spared a young professor, Konstantin von Tischendorf, who rejected this foolish higher criticisms, to go on a search for ancient manuscripts.   His first journey in 1844 was unbelievable successful.   He found parts of an ancient copy of the Septuagint, or Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures in a monastery in the Sinai.
 
He knew there must be more and got Alexander II, Czar of Russia, to finance an expedition to find more.   He returned to the Sinai, properly financed, and returned with the remainder of the Septuagint, now known as the Codex Sinaiticus, which is still one of the oldest Bible manuscripts in existence.   The Czar also financed the translation of this remarkable find.
 
MORE GREAT BIBLE TREASURES COME FORTH:
 
Another scholar, Abraham Firkovich, a Karaite scholar was also searching for ancient manuscripts among his people, the Karaites.   The Karaites who were descendents of Jews exiled to Babylon after the conquest of Jerusalem by the Babylon's who eventually migrated to the Crimea region on the shores of the Black Sea.   They rejected the Talmud, but emphasized the reading of the scriptures.   The Crimean Karaites were eager to present to the Czar proof of their distinctness from rabbinic Jews.
 
Their champion, Abraham Firkovich, undertook his search among his fellow Karaites who had a custom of never destroying worn-out copies of the scriptures that contained the Tetragrammaton, the four consonant (YHWH) divine name.   Instead, they carefully preserved them in genizah, which means 'hiding place" in ancient Hebrew because of their deep respect for the divine name.
 
Abraham Kirkovich started a search of all manuscripts in genizahs, many having been there for centuries, and he amassed a great collection which numbered a staggering 2,412 items.   This collection included 975 manuscripts and scrolls.
 
One of these manuscripts is today called the Petersburg Codex of the Latter Prophets and is one of the oldest existent copies of the Hebrew Scriptures.   Another was the renown Leningrad Codex - B19a, which is the world's oldest copy of the complete Hebrew Scriptures, and is sometimes called the single most important manuscript of the Old Testament since it has been used as the guide and/or central text for most modern critical editions of the Hebrew Bible, such as Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS), Kittel's Biblia Hebraica (KBH), American Standard Version (ASV), New World Translation (NWT), the New English Bible (NEB), An American Translation (AAT), etc.
 
WHERE ARE THESE ITEMS TODAY?
 
Most of these documents are now basically located in the Manuscript room of the National Library of Russian in Saint Petersburg or the British Museum.    Indeed we owe a lot to Konstantin von Tischendorf, Abraham Firkovich, and Alexander II, Czar of Russian [sources - article by Klaus-Zehnder-Tischendorf in 2002, translation of Spamers Illustriete Weltgeschichte - Leipzig 1898, Encyclopedia Britannica Online, Encyclopedia on Protestant Christianity: Biographies, the Jewish Encyclopedia, The Karaite Encyclopedia (Frankfort 1995) by Nathan Schur, JTS - The Library - http://www.jtsa.edu/library/news/btl/btl_12_1.shtml (Library of the Jewish Theological Seminary).
 
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Your Friend in Christ Iris89
 
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today! 
To learn more about the bible, go to WWW.JW.ORG