Hi Everyone:

Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a species of flowering tree in the mulberry family, Moraceae, growing throughout Southeast Asia, South India and most Pacific Ocean islands. It is also grown in the Leeward Islands and Windward Islands of theCaribbean and in Africa. Its name is derived from the texture of the cooked moderately ripe fruit, which has a potato-like flavor, similar to freshly baked bread.

* Ancestors of the Polynesians found the trees growing in the northwest New Guinea area around 3,500 years ago. They gave up the rice cultivation they had brought with them from Taiwan, and raised breadfruit wherever they went in the Pacific (exceptEaster Island and New Zealand, which are too cold). Their ancient eastern Indonesian cousins spread the plant west and north through insular and coastal Southeast Asia. It has, in historical times, also been widely planted in tropical regions elsewhere. 

Description
Breadfruit trees grow to a height of 25 m (82 ft). The large and thick leaves are deeply cut into pinnate lobes. All parts of the tree yield latex, a milky juice, which is useful for boat caulking.
The trees are monoecious, with male and female flowers growing on the same tree. The male flowers emerge first, followed shortly afterward by the female flowers, which grow into capitula, which are capable of pollination just three days later. The compound, false fruit develops from the swollen perianth, and originates from 1,500-2,000 flowers. These are visible on the skin of the fruit as hexagon-like disks.
Breadfruit is one of the highest-yielding food plants, with a single tree producing up to 200 or more grapefruit-sized fruits per season. In the South Pacific, the trees yield 50 to 150 fruits per year. In southern India, normal production is 150 to 200 fruits annually. Productivity varies between wet and dry areas. In the Caribbean, a conservative estimate is 25 fruits per tree. Studies in Barbados indicate a reasonable potential of 16 to 32 tons per hectare (6.7-13.4 tons/acre). The ovoid fruit has a rough surface, and each fruit is divided into many achenes, each achene surrounded by a fleshy perianth and growing on a fleshy receptacle. Most selectively bred cultivars have seedless fruit.
The breadfruit is closely related to the breadnut, from which it might have been selected, and to the jackfruit.

Habitat
Breadfruit, an equatorial lowland species, grows best below elevations of 650 metres (2,130 ft), but is found at elevations of 1,550 metres (5,090 ft). Its preferred rainfall is 1,500–3,000 millimetres (59–118 in) per year. Preferred soils are neutral to alkaline (pH of 6.1-7.4) and either sand, sandy loam, loam or sandy clay loam. Breadfruit is able to grow in coral sands and saline soils.[2]

Uses
Breadfruit is a staple food in many tropical regions. The trees were propagated far outside their native range by Polynesian voyagers who transported root cuttings and air-layered plants over long ocean distances. Breadfruit are very rich in starch, and before being eaten, they are roasted, baked, fried or boiled. When cooked, the taste of moderately ripe breadfruit is described as potato-like, or similar to freshly baked bread. Very ripe breadfruit becomes sweet, as the starch converts tosugar.

Because breadfruit trees usually produce large crops at certain times of the year, preservation of the harvested fruit is an issue. One traditional preservation technique is to bury peeled and washed fruits in a leaf-lined pit where they ferment over several weeks and produce a sour, sticky paste. So stored, the product may last a year or more, and some pits are reported to have produced edible contents more than 20 years later.[3] Fermented breadfruit mash goes by many names such as mahr, ma, masi, furo, and bwiru, among others.

Drawing of breadfruit by John Frederick Miller
Most breadfruit varieties also produce a small number of fruits throughout the year, so fresh breadfruit is always available, but somewhat rare when not in season.

Breadfruit can be eaten once cooked, or can be further processed into a variety of other foods. A common product is a mixture of cooked or fermented breadfruit mash mixed with coconut milk and baked in bananaleaves. Whole fruits can be cooked in an open fire, then cored and filled with other foods, such as coconut milk, sugar and butter, cooked meats, or other fruits. The filled fruit can be further cooked so the flavor of the filling permeates the flesh of the breadfruit.
The Hawaiian staple food called poi, made of mashed taro root, is easily substituted for, or augmented with, mashed breadfruit. The resulting "breadfruit poi" is called poi ?ulu. In Puerto Rico, breadfruit is called panapen or pana, for short and in some in-land regions it's also called mapén. Pana is often served boiled with a mixture of sauteed bacalao (salted cod fish), olive oil and onions. It is also served as tostones or mofongo. In the Dominican Republic, it is known by the name buen pan or "good bread". Breadfruit is also found in Indonesia and Malaysia, where it is called sukun. In the South Indian state ofKerala and coastal Karnataka, especially on the sides of Mangalore, where it is widely grown and cooked, it is known as kada chakka or seema chakka and deegujje, respectively. In Belize, the Mayan people call it masapan.

A polished basalt breadfruit pounder used by the Tahitian people of French Polynesia. From the Honolulu Academy of Arts collection
Breadfruit is roughly 25% carbohydrates and 70% water. It has an average amount of vitamin C (20 mg/100 g), small amounts of minerals (potassium and zinc) and thiamin (100 ?g/100 g).[4]
Breadfruit was widely and diversely used among Pacific Islanders. Its lightweight wood (specific gravity of 0.27)[5] is resistant to termites and shipworms, so is used as timber for structures and outrigger canoes.[6] Its wood pulp can also be used to make paper, called breadfruit tapa.[6] It is also used in traditional medicine to treat illnesses that range from sore eyes tosciatica.[6] Native Hawaiians used its sticky latex to trap birds, whose feathers were made into cloaks.[7]

In a 2012 research study[8] published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, scientists at the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), a division of the USDA, and collaborators at the University of British Columbia in Okanagan, Canada, "identified three breadfruit compounds — capric, undecanoic and lauric acids — that act as insect repellents." These saturated fatty acids were "found to be significantly more effective at repelling mosquitoes than DEET."[9][10]

Breadfruit, rawNutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)Energy431 kJ (103 kcal)Carbohydrates27.12 gSugars11Dietary fiber4.9 gFat0.23 gProtein1.07 gVitaminsVitamin A equiv.
lutein zeaxanthin22 ?gThiamine (B1)(10%)
0.11 mgRiboflavin (B2)(3%)
0.03 mgNiacin (B3)(6%)
0.9 mgPantothenic acid (B5)(9%)
0.457 mgVitamin B6(8%)
0.1 mgFolate (B9)(4%)
14 ?gCholine(2%)
9.8 mgVitamin C(35%)
29 mgVitamin E(1%)
0.1 mgVitamin K(0%)
0.5 ?gTrace metalsCalcium(2%)
17 mgIron(4%)
0.54 mgMagnesium(7%)
25 mgManganese(3%)
0.06 mgPhosphorus(4%)
30 mgPotassium(10%)
490 mgSodium(0%)
2 mgZinc(1%)
0.12 mgOther constituentsWater70.65 g
Link to USDA Database entry* Units
* ?g = micrograms • mg = milligrams
* IU = International unitsPercentages are roughly approximated usingUS recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient DatabaseIn history
Sir Joseph Banks and others saw the value of breadfruit as a highly productive food in 1769, when stationed in Tahiti as part of the Endeavour expedition commanded by Captain James Cook. The late-18th-century quest for cheap, high-energy food sources for British slaves prompted colonial administrators and plantation owners to call for the introduction of this plant to the Caribbean. As President of The Royal Society, Banks provided a cash bounty and gold medal for success in this endeavor, and successfully lobbied his friends in government and the Admiralty for a British Naval expedition. In 1787,William Bligh was appointed Captain of the HMS Bounty, and was instructed to proceed to the South Pacific for this task. Banks appointed a gardener for the expedition and gave detailed instructions on how the plants were to be maintained. The Bounty remained in Tahiti for five idyllic months, during which over 1000 plants were collected, potted and transferred to the ship. However, within a month of leaving, many of the crew mutinied, expelling Captain Bligh and supporters in a long-boat, and returned to Tahiti. Bligh survived the ordeal, sailing with 18 loyal crew the 6710 km to Timor, reaching there in late 1789. In 1791, Bligh commanded a second expedition with the Providence and theAssistant, which collected live breadfruit plants in Tahiti and transported these to St Helena, in the Atlantic, and St. Vincent and Jamaica in the West Indies. Although Bligh won the Royal Society medal for his efforts, the introduction was not entirely successful, as the slaves refused to eat breadfruit.[11] However, breadfruit was accepted into the cuisine ofPuerto Rico.

In culture
According to an etiological Hawaiian myth, the breadfruit originated from the sacrifice of the war god K?. After deciding to live secretly among mortals as a farmer, K? married and had children. He and his family lived happily until a famine seized their island. When he could no longer bear to watch his children suffer, K? told his wife that he could deliver them from starvation, but to do so he would have to leave them. Reluctantly she agreed, and at her word, K? descended into the ground right where he had stood until only the top of his head was visible. His family waited around the spot he had last been, day and night, watering it with their tears until suddenly, a small green shoot appeared where K? had stood. Quickly, the shoot grew into a tall and leafy tree that was laden with heavy breadfruits that K?'s family and neighbors gratefully ate, joyfully saved from starvation.[12]

Though they are widely distributed throughout the Pacific, many breadfruit hybrids and cultivars are seedless or otherwise biologically incapable of naturally dispersing long distances. Therefore, their distribution in the Pacific was clearly enabled by humans, specifically prehistoric groups who colonized the Pacific Islands. To investigate the patterns of human migration throughout the Pacific, scientists have used molecular dating of breadfruit hybrids and cultivars in concert with anthropological data. Results support the west-to-east migration hypothesis, in which the Lapita people are thought to have traveled from Melanesia to numerous Polynesian islands.[13]

The world's largest collection of breadfruit varieties has been established by botanist Diane Ragone, from over 20 years' travel to 50 Pacific islands, on a 10-acre (40,000 m2) plot outside of Hana, Hawaii, on the isolated east coast ofMaui.[14]

The wood of the breadfruit tree was one of the most valuable timbers in the construction of traditional houses inSamoan architecture.

Recipes for breadfruit
There are many ways to cook breadfruit. In countries such as Sri Lanka, it is either cooked as a curry using coconut milk and spices (which becomes a side dish) or consumed after boiling. Boiled breadfruit is a famous main meal and is often consumed with scraped coconut, or "sambal" made out of coconut and chilies. Fritters of breadfruit are also a local delicacy of coastal Karnataka.

In Seychelles, it was traditionally eaten as a substitute for rice, as an accompaniment to the mains. It would either be consumed boiled (friyapen bwi) or grilled (friyapen griye), where it would be put whole in the wood fire used for cooking the main meal and then taken out when ready. It is also eaten as a dessert, called ladob friyapen, where it is boiled in coconut milk, sugar, vanilla, cinnamon and a pinch of salt.
It is often said in Seychelles, that travelers who visit Seychelles will always come back if they eat breadfruit cooked in Seychelles.
In Puerto Rico, it is traditionally eaten boiled with bacalao (salted codfish). It is also used to make rellenos de pana (mashed breadfruit filled with seasoned meat), mofongo, tostones de pana (double fried breadfruit), and even lasagna de pana(cooked mashed breadfruit layered with meat and topped with cheese). There is also a popular dessert made with sweet ripe breadfruit: flan de pana (breadfruit custard).
In Barbados, breadfruit is boiled with salted meat and mashed with butter to make breadfruit coucou. It is usually eaten with saucy meat dishes.
Both ripe and unripe fruits have culinary uses, but unripe breadfruit is consumed cooked.[15]

Local names for breadfruit
* Odisha (India): Koncha Ponoso
* Andhra Pradesh: Koora Panasa pandu (panasakai)
* Barbados: Breadfruit
* Belize: Breadfruit
* Cambodia : Knol Somlor ????????? (Cooking Jack Fruit)
* Cambodia: ????
* Comoros Islands: fruyapa
* Cook Islands: Kuru
* Dominica: Breadfruit, Penpen, Yanmpen
* Fiji: Uto
* Futuna (eastern): Mei
* Goa, India: Neerphanas
* Guadeloupe : Arbre à pain
* Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands: Lemai
* Guatemala: Mazapan
* Guyana: Breadfruit
* Haiti: Lam veritab
* Hawai'i: 'Ulu
* Indonesia: Sukun, Timbul
* Jamaica: Breadfruit
* Karnataka, India: divi Halasu
* Kerala, India: Kada Chakka (Malayalam:????????), Cheema Chakka
* Konkani: Jeevi Halasu, Jeev Kadgi, or Jeegujje (South Canara, Karnataka, India) or Gudgo (Central and South Kerala, Kerala India)
* Madagascar: Sirapay or Soanambo
* Malaysia: Buah Sukun
* Maldives: Banbukeyo (?????????)
* Marshall Islands: M?
* Martinique: Arbre à pain
* Mexico: Fruta de pan
* Nauru: Demé
* Nigeria (Igbo): Ukwa
* Panama : Árbol de pan
* Philippines: Kamansi (Tagalog, Kapampangan; also the name for the breadnut); Dalungyan, Rimas, Ogob (Quezon Province, Bikol languages, Visayan languages),Antipolo(Old Tagalog name)
* Marathi : NeerPhanas (??????) i.e. ???? ?? ???
* Papua New Guinea: Kapiak (Tok Pisin); Unu (Motu)
* Pohnpei: Mahi
* Puerto Rico: Pana, Panapén, Mapén.
* Tahiti: Uru
* Tamil : Curry Chakkai (Tamil: ??????????), Kottai Palaakkaai (Tamil: ?????????????????), Pilaa (Tamil: ????) or Pilaakkaai (Tamil: ??????????)
* Tanzania: Sheli sheli
* Thailand, Vietnam: Sa Ke (????)
* Trinidad and Tobago: Breadfruit
* Tonga: Mei
* Tulu: Jigujje
* Saint Lucia: bois pain
* St. Vincent: Breadfruit
* Samoa: Ulu
* Seychelles, Mauritius: Friyapen (Fruit à Pain)
* Solomon Islands: (Pidgin)-Breadfruit/(Temotu Province: NIMBALO)
* Sri Lanka: dhel ???? (in Sinhala language)
* Vanuatu (Tanna, lénakel language): Nek nem
* Wallis: Mei
* 
References[
1. Jump up^ "Artocarpus altilis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-07-03. Retrieved 2009-02-21.
2. Jump up^ Ragone, Diane (April 2006). "Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit)" (PDF). The Traditional Tree Initiative.
3. Jump up^ Balick, M. & Cox, P. (1996). Plants, People and Culture: The Science of Ethnobotany. New York: Scientific American Library HPHLP, p.85
4. Jump up^ Nutrition Facts for Breadfruit
5. Jump up^ Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989). "?Ulu, breadfruit" (PDF).United States Forest Service.
6. ^ Jump up to:a b c The Breadfruit Institute
7. Jump up^ Morton, Julia F. (1987). "Breadfruit". Fruits of Warm Climates (Miami, Florida): 50–58.
8. Jump up^ A. Maxwell P. Jones, Jerome A. Klun, Charles L. Cantrell, Diane Ragone, Kamlesh R. Chauhan, Paula N. Brown , and Susan J. Murch (2012). "Isolation and Identification of Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) Biting Deterrent Fatty Acids from Male Inflorescences of Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg)" 60(15). pp. 3867–3873. doi:10.1021/jf300101w.
9. Jump up^ Studies Confirm Breadfruit's Ability to Repel Insects
10. Jump up^ DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMICALS FOR INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT OF BITING ARTHROPODS AND URBAN PESTS
11. Jump up^ O'Brian, Patrick (1988) "Joseph Banks. A Life: Explorer, Plant Hunter, Scientist." Collins Harvill, London
12. Jump up^ Loebel-Fried, C. (2002)
13. Jump up^ Zerega, N. J. C.; Ragone, D. & Motley, T.J. (2004). "The complex origins of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis, Moraceae): Implications for human migrations in Oceania". American Journal of Botany 91 (5): 760–766.doi:10.3732/ajb.91.5.760.
14. Jump up^ Julia Steele, photos by Jack Wolford (August–September 2009). "Tree of Plenty". Hana Hou! (Vol.12, No. 4).
15. Jump up^ The encyclopedia of fruit & nuts, By Jules Janick, Robert E. Paull, p. 476 In Barbados it is pickled, which is made from cucumbers, lime, salt and scotch bonnet pepper and served [source - retrieved fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadfruit on 10/12/2014] 

In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].

View fruit and tree at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadfruit 

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Your Friend in Christ Iris89 

Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org! 

THE RARE FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES:
 
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Jabuticaba, Myrciaria cauliflora.:
 
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)
 
The Jabuticaba (also called Brazilian Grape Tree, Jaboticaba, Jabotica, Guaperu, Guapuru, Hivapuru, Sabará and Ybapuru) is a fruit-bearing tree native to Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia. The fruit is purplish black, with a white pulp; it can be eaten raw or be used to make jellies and drinks (plain juice or wine).
 
The fruit tree (named jabuticabeira in Portuguese) has salmon-colored leaves when they are young, turning green posteriorly. It is a very slow growing tree which prefers moist, lightly acidic soils for best growth. It is widely adaptable, however, and grows satisfactorily even on alkaline beach-sand type soils, so long as they are tended and irrigated. Its flowers are white and grow directly from its trunk in a cauliflorous habit. Naturally the tree may flower and fruit only once or twice a year, but when continuously irrigated it flowers frequently, and fresh fruit can be available year round in tropical regions.
 
The jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O.Berg. [Myrtaceae]) is a small tree native to Minas Gerais in southeastern Brazil grown for the purple, grape-like fruits it produces. Traditionally, an astringent decoction of the sun-dried skins has been used as a treatment for hemoptysis, asthma, diarrhea, and gargled for chronic inflammation of the tonsils. The fruit is 3-4 cm in diameter with one to four large seeds, borne directly on the main trunks and branches of the plant, lending a distinctive appearance to the fruiting tree. It has a thick, purple, astringent skin that covers a sweet, white, or rosy pink gelatinous flesh. Common in Brazilian markets, jaboticabas are largely eaten fresh; their popularity has been likened to that of grapes in the US. Fresh fruit may begin to ferment 3 to 4 days after harvest, so they are often used to make jams, tarts, strong wines, and liqueurs.
 
Several potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory anti-cancer compounds have been isolated from the fruit. [source of some of information - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]
 
 
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Your Friend in Christ Iris89 
 
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org! 
 
 

Hi Everyone:
 
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Jaltomato Procumbens
 
A South American fruit, with a sweet, spicy taste similar to grapes or tomatoes. These easy-to-grow plants can grow as short-lived perennials but are better grown as annuals in cooler climates.
 
As with other members of the Solanum family, such as tomatoes and aubergines, jaltomata may require staking or some form of support. Fruits can be eaten raw or cooked and are particularly good in jams.  (source - retrieved from  http://www.seedman.com/fruit.htm   on  4/3/2013)
 
Introduction
The jaltomate occurs frequently in the cornfields of the temperate parts of Mexico
 
1. Names
Synonyms
Jaltomata Saracha Schlecht., S. procumbens (Cav.) Ruiz & Pavón.
Other common names used in Spanish
Acahualera, Equelite, Jaltomata, quelite dumb, tomatillo.
English Common Names
Creeping false holly.
 
Higher taxonomic categories
Kingdom: Plantae; Subkingdom: Traqueobionta (vascular plants); Superdivisión: Spermatophyta (seed plants) Division: Magnoliophyta (flowering plants) Class: Magnoliopsida (dicots) Subclass: Asteridae; Order: Solanales.
 
Links to sites with information on taxonomy and nomenclature
The database Tropicos the Missouri Botanical Garden advises on the original publication and synonyms. It has links to data distributed across the specimens in the herbarium, with the ability to map them. for many species has links to floras and floristic lists and images of herbarium specimens, live specimens and the original description.
 
The page of the species in the ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System) of CONABIO, which is the Spanish version of ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System) of the Department of Agriculture of the United States, contains taxonomic information with many links to other databases Data and Internet search engines. For example, does an automatic search for images on Google and the species shows a distribution map - still incomplete - the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, GBIF.
 
Generally found the original quote of the species in the International Plant Name Index (IPNI). If you are interested in molecular genetics, biochemistry or cladistic classification of this species, look for information in the database of the National Center for Taxonomy Information, National Institutes of Health, USA When looking for the species, not only are references to genetic data but Also links to PubMed, a database of biomedical literature and PubMedCentral, where many articles are available online for free.
 
The database PLANTS , the Department of Agriculture of the United States contains information on taxonomy, distribution of the species in the U.S., and regulatory status as invasive as appropriate. It also has more illustrations and links to databases (eg GRIN - Germplasm Resources Information Network, a wealth of information).
2. Origin and geographic distribution
Source area
America. It is distributed in the southwestern United States to Panama and the Andes of South America.
Distribution in Mexico
It is known from Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tlaxcala, Veracruz (Villaseñor and Espinosa, 1998).
 
Immigration status in Mexico Native.
Links to sites with information on geographical origin and
The Flora of Veracruz has keys, descriptions and useful information with a picture of the species.
3. Identification and description
Technical Description
Based on Rzedowski and Rzedowski, 2001.
And lifestyle habit: erect or decumbent herb, hairy.
Size: 60 to 90 cm long or more.
Stem: Thick, angled and somewhat succulent.
Leaves: petiole 0.5 to 5 cm long, sometimes slightly winged blades ovate to elliptic, 4-12 cm long and 3-8 cm wide, acuminate at apex, margin sinuate-toothed, attenuated base.
Inflorescence: Umbels with 2 to 8 flowers, stems from 1 to 4 cm long, pedicels of 1 to 2 cm long.
Flowers: With calyx 4-5 mm long in bloom, acrescente in fruit and berry under the wide open, 2 to 2.5 cm wide, the lobes acute, corolla greenish white or straw colored, 1 to limbo 4 cm wide, filaments of 3.5 to 4.5 mm long, densely pubescent at the base and above without hairs, anthers 2 to 2.5 mm long, style about 5 mm long.
Nuts and seeds: The fruit is a berry purple or black, 10 to 12 mm in diameter, subglobose, very juicy, seed outline obovate, 1.5 to 2 mm long and 1.4 to 1.9 mm wide, grid-foveoladas ( with small pits), dark brown.
Seedlings: short Hypocotyl of 3 to 6 mm long, with or without hair; cotyledons ovate sheet of 4 to 7 mm in length and 2.5 to 4 mm wide, apex acute to obtuse, hairless; epicotyl of 2 to 3 mm; leaves alternate (Espinosa and Sarukhan, 1997).
Links to images of herbarium specimens
The Image Library of the Southwest Environmental Information Network (Vascular Plant Herbarium, Arizona State University).
Images on the site Samples Neotropical Herbarium of the Field Museum, Chicago.
Other links to useful sites for identification
The Flora of Veracruz has keys, descriptions and useful information with a picture of the species.
4. Habitat
Habitat
 
Weed and ruderal occasionally.
Distribution by type of bioclimatic zones
Pine-oak forest, tropical deciduous forest, desert scrub.
Altitudinal distribution
From sea level to 3150 m ( Nee, 1986 ).
Links to sites with information on habitat
The Flora of Veracruz has keys, descriptions and useful information with a picture of the species.
5. Biology and ecology
Phenology
It blooms all year, at least in the lower altitudes ( Nee, 1986 ).  (source - retrieved from   http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/solanaceae/jaltomata-procumbens/fichas/ficha.htm&prev=/search%3Fq%3DJaltomata%2BProcumbens%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox%26hs%3DM2o%26rls%3Dcom.yahoo:en-US:official&sa=X&ei=znxcUaQ7hK3QAa2ggfgK&ved=0CHIQ7gEwCQ  on  4/3/2013)
 
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to  www.jw.org].
 
View plant and fruit at,  https://www.google.com/search?q=Jaltomata+Procumbens&hl=en&client=firefox&hs=YLU&rls=com.yahoo:en-US:official&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=cXxcUayCIMPn0QHNsoGwDQ&ved=0CDcQsAQ&biw=1280&bih=854
 
 
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Your Friend in Christ Iris89
 
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
 
 
 
 

THE RARE FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES:
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Jambolan or Myrtaceae is of wider interest for its medicinal applications than for its edible fruit. Botanically it is Syzygium cumini Skeels (syns. S. jambolanum DC., Eugenia cumini Druce, E. jambolana Lam., E. djouat Perr., Myrtus cumini L., Calyptranthes jambolana Willd.). Among its many colloquial names are Java plum, Portuguese plum, Malabar plum, black plum, purple plum, and, in Jamaica, damson plum; also Indian blackberry. In India and Malaya it is variously known as jaman, jambu, jambul, jambool, jambhool, jamelong, jamelongue, jamblang, jiwat, salam, or koriang. In Thailand, it is wa, or ma-ha; in Laos, va; Cambodia, pring bai or pring das krebey; in Vietnam, voi rung; in the Philippines, duhat, lomboy, lunaboy or other dialectal appelations; in Java, djoowet, or doowet. In Venezuela, local names are pésjua extranjera or guayabo pésjua; in Surinam, koeli, jamoen, or druif (Dutch for "grape"); in Brazil, jambuláo, jaláo, jameláo or jambol.
 
Description
The jambolan is fast-growing, reaching full size in 40 years. It ranges up to 100 ft (30 m) in India and Oceania; up to 40 or 50 ft (12-15 m) in Florida; and it may attain a spread of 36 ft (11 m) and a trunk diameter of 2 or 3 ft (0.6-0.9 m). It usually forks into multiple trunks a short distance from the ground. The bark on the lower part of the tree is rough, cracked, flaking and discolored; further up it is smooth and light-gray. The turpentine-scented evergreen leaves are opposite, 2 to 10 in (5-25 cm) long, 1 to 4 in (2.5-10 cm) wide; oblong-oval or elliptic, blunt or tapering to a point at the apex; pinkish when young; when mature, leathery, glossy, dark-green above, lighter beneath, with conspicuous, yellowish midrib. The fragrant flowers, in 1-to 4-in (2.5-10 cm) clusters, are 1/2 in (1.25 cm) wide, 1 in (2.5 cm) or more in length; have a funnel-shaped calyx and 4 to 5 united petals, white at first, then rose-pink, quickly shed leaving only the numerous stamens.
 
The fruit, in clusters of just a few or 10 to 40, is round or oblong, often curved; 1/2 to 2 in (1.25-5 m) long, and usually turns from green to light-magenta, then dark-purple or nearly black as it ripens. A white-fruited form has been reported in Indonesia. The skin is thin, smooth, glossy, and adherent. The pulp is purple or white, very juicy, and normally encloses a single, oblong, green or brown seed, up to 1 1/2 in (4 cm) in length, though some fruits have 2 to 5 seeds tightly compressed within a leathery coat, and some are seedless. The fruit is usually astringent, sometimes unpalatably so, and the flavor varies from acid to fairly sweet.
 
Origin and Distribution
The jambolan is native in India, Burma, Ceylon and the Andaman Islands. It was long ago introduced into and became naturalized in Malaya. In southern Asia, the tree is venerated by Buddhists, and it is commonly planted near Hindu temples because it is considered sacred to Krishna. The leaves and fruits are employed in worshipping the elephant-headed god, Ganesha or Vinaijaka, the personification of "Pravana" or "Om", the apex of Hindu religion and philosophy.
 
By 1870, it had become established in Hawaii and, because of seed dispersal by mynah birds, it occurs in a semiwild state on all the Hawaiian islands in moist areas below 2,000 ft (600 in). There are vigorous efforts to exterminate it with herbicides because it shades out desirable forage plants. It is planted in most of the inhabited valleys in the Marquesas. It was in cultivation in Bermuda, Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, the French Islands of the Lesser Antilles and Trinidad in the early 20th Century; was introduced into Puerto Rico in 1920; but still has remained little-known in the Caribbean region. At the Lancetilla Experimental Garden at Tela, Honduras, it grows and fruits well. It is seldom planted elsewhere in tropical America but is occasionally seen in Guatemala, Belize, Surinam, Venezuela and Brazil
.
The Bureau of Plant Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture received jambolan seeds from the Philippines in 1911, from Java in 1912, from Zanzibar and again from the Philippines in 1920. The tree flourishes in California, especially in the vicinity of Santa Barbara, though the climate is not congenial for production or ripening of fruit. In southern Florida, the tree was rather commonly planted in the past. Here, as in Hawaii, fruiting is heavy, only a small amount of the crop has been utilized in home preserving. The jambolan has lost popularity, as it has in Malaya where it used to be frequently grown in gardens. Heavy crops litter streets, sidewalks and lawns, attracting insects, rapidly fermenting and creating a foul atmosphere. People are eager to have the trees cut down. Where conditions favor spontaneous growth, the seedlings become a nuisance, as well.
 
Varieties
The common types of jambolan in India are: 1) Ra Jaman, with large, oblong fruits, dark-purple or bluish, with pink, sweet pulp and small seeds; 2) Kaatha, with small, acid fruits. Among named cultivars are, mainly, 'Early Wild', 'Late Wild', 'Pharenda'; and, secondarily, 'Small Jaman' and 'Dabka' ('Dubaka'). In Java, the small form is called Djoowet kreekil; a seedless form is Djoowet booten. In southern Malaya, the trees are small-leaved with small flower clusters. Farther north, the variety called 'Krian Duat' has larger, thicker leaves and red inner bark. Fruits with purple flesh are more astringent than the white-fleshed types.
 
Soil
Despite its ability to thrive in low, wet areas, the tree does well on higher, well-drained land whether it be in loam, marl, sand or oolitic limestone.
 
Propagation
Jambolan seeds lose viability quickly. They are the most common means of dissemination, are sown during the rainy season in India, and germinate in approximately 2 weeks. Semi-hardwood cuttings, treated with growth-promoting hormones have given 20% success and have grown well. Budding onto seedlings of the same species has also been successful. Veneer-grafting of scions from the spring flush has yielded 31% survivors. The modified Forkert method of budding may be more feasible. When a small-fruited, seedless variety in the Philippines was budded onto a seeded stock, the scion produced large fruits, some with seeds and some without. Approach-grafting and inarching are also practiced in India. Air-layers treated with 500 ppm indolebutyric acid have rooted well in the spring (60% of them) but have died in containers in the summer.
 
Culture
Seedlings grow slowly the first year, rapidly thereafter, and may reach 12 ft (3.65 m) in 2 years, and begin bearing in 8 to 10 years. Grafted trees bear in 4 to 7 years. No particular cultural attention seems to be required, apart from frost protection when young and control measures for insect infestations. In India, organic fertilizer is applied after harvest but withheld in advance of flowering and fruiting to assure a good crop. If a tree does not bear heavily, it may be girdled or root-pruned to slow down vegetative growth.
 
The tree is grown as shade for coffee in India. It is wind-resistant and sometimes is closely planted in rows as a windbreak. If topped regularly, such plantings form a dense, massive hedge. Trees are set 20 ft (6 m) apart in a windbreak; 40 ft (12 m) apart along roadsides and avenues. (source - retrieved from 
[url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/jambolan.html on%201/12/2013]http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/jambolan.html on 1/12/2013[/url])
 
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
 
Some consider this fruit as having medical benefits, but one should NEVER use it except under the advice of a medical professional knowledgeable with respect the Jambolan.
 
Here is what one publication says with respect its medical properties:
 
Jambolan seed and bark contains chemicals that might lower blood sugar, but extracts from jambolan leaf and fruit don't seem to affect blood sugar. Jambolan also contains chemicals that might protect against oxidation damage, as well as chemicals that reduce swelling. (source - retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/vita…/ingredientmono-530-JAMBOLAN.aspx… on 1/12/2013)
 
TO LEARN MORE ABOUT RELIGION AND THE BIBLE, GO TO,
 
1) http://religious-truths.forums.com/
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To enjoy an online Bible study called “Follow the Christ” go to,http://religious-truths.forums.com/…/digital-book-on-18-par…
 
Your Friend in Christ Iris89
 
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
 

AND THE RARE FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES
 
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically Java Almond,
Sterculia foetida.
 
Family: Sterculiaceae
Peon, Indian Almond, Hazel Sterculia, Java Olive, Skunk Tree
Origin: Tropical Asia, Australia
 
Large tree of Old World tropics having foul-smelling orange-red blossoms followed by red pods enclosing oil-rich seeds sometimes used as food. Roasted seeds are edible. Seeds are above-average for angiospermous plants for the amino acids. It has unisexual flowers with a single perianth whorl constituting a valvate calyx. Female flower has anthers of vestigial stamens around the base of the stalked ovary.
[source - retrieved from  http://toptropicals.com/cgi-bin/garden_catalog/cat.cgi?uid=Sterculia_foetida  on  5/23/2013]
 
Java Olive is a tall, straight tree. Originally from East Africa and North Australia, it grows freely down the West of the Peninsular, in Burma Ceylon and South India. The grey bark is smooth, spotted with brown and faintly ridged. The branches are whorled and usually horizontal, the numerous branchlets gracefully up-curved and crowded at the ends with large, palm-like leaves, remind one somewhat of the English Horse-chestnut. The flowers, appearing early in February, form at the knotty ends of the wrinkled old branchlets immediately beneath the new leaves and spread in drooping rays as much as one foot in length. The reddish-green stems bear numerous short branched stalks, each terminating in a crimson-brown flower. The sepals, which look like petals, (there are no visible real petals), are about 1-inch across, back-curling and varying in colour from yellow to pale terracotta and to deep crimson and brown. But the main characteristic of these flowers is their incredible stench. Coming across a Java Olive in bloom ones would think that one was near an open sewer and any part of the tree when bruised or cut emits this unpleasant odour. It is unfortunate as the tree is extremely handsome; tall and straight, its well shaped crown swathed in coral, often without a single touch of green, it stands out amongst the surrounding verdure in great beauty and dignity. The seeds are edible after toasting and taste like chestnuts (Castanea sativa ). They also contain an oil that is used medicinally, while the timber is used for making furniture and the bark for rope.
Identification credit: Prashant Awale  [source - retrieved from  http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Java%20Olive.html on  5/23/2013]
 
 
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to  www.jw.org].
 
To see pictures of this plant, go to,  http://toptropicals.com/cgi-bin/garden_catalog/cat.cgi?uid=Sterculia_foetida and  http://www.flickr.com/photos/phuonglovejesus2782010/6091926981/
 
Now to know the truth, go to:
 
1) http://religioustruths.forumsland.com/
 
2) http://www.network54.com/Forum/403209/
 
3) http://religioustruths.lefora.com/
 
4) http://religioustruths.boardhost.com/
 
5) http://religious-truths.forums.com/
 
6) http://religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/
 
7) http://religioustruths.forumotion.com/
 
 
To enjoy an online Bible study called “Follow the Christ” go to, http://religious-truths.forums.com/default/digital-book-on-18-part-follow-christ-bible-study-3?replies=6#post-1421
 
Your Friend in Christ Iris89 
 
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!