Hi Everyone:
 
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Gunnera tinctoria, Nalca/Giant Rhubarb /
 
Gunnera tinctoria from central Chile, has leaves which are edible – just [PLEASE NOTE IT IS JUST EDIBLE, AND YOU MUST BE SURE OF THE SPECIES.}.  This too is a remarkable plant.  In 1834, Darwin described Gunnera tinctoria (then known as Gunnera scabra)as a plant with “... a very noble appearance”.  Both species achieved Awards of Garden Merit: Gunnera manicata in 1993, and Gunnera tinctoria in 2006.  [sourc - retrieved from   http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~gdk/stabg_new/poms/2013/jun13pom.htm  on  8/11/2015]
 
What is Gunnera Tinctoria?
If you’ve been to Chile you might have seen the gunnera tinctoria plant being sold by some people in town, selling them as a long stem plant. They call it hereNalca.
This is a Chilean rhubarb is native to the southern parts of Chile and its limits with Argentina. It’s known in most of the world as an ornamental plant that is also edible. It is a plant with large leaves that can grow up to 2 meters tall. The leaves can grow to be 2.5 meters wide. Its flowers grow in clusters on a cone shaped stem that points upward and can grow to be 1 meter tall. It flowers during spring through summer and the fruit is orange.
The eatable part of the gunnera tinctoria is the stem of the plant. This is what you see selling in the streets, without the leaves. When you buy a nalca you will see the seller peel the first layer of the plant and pass it to you with a bit of salt. 
 
You’ll see that the middle part is white and the outer layers are pink. He will tell you to put some salt one it and bite away. The taste is a sour taste, kind of like when you eat lemon with salt, only that it’s crunchy. So if you’re the kind of person that like’s sour things then you would probably like this.
 
If it tastes bitter then the plant hasn’t ripened enough to eat yet. It’s a very different taste for those who like sour things so don’t put it off if it’s a bit bitter, you just got a piece that isn’t ripe, but if you try a ripe piece you’ll see that taste is worth it.  [sourc - retrieved from   http://www.chile-attractions.com/gunnera-tinctoria.html  on  8/11/2015]
Everything about this amazing Chilean native is BIG! A super-sized perennial of prehistoric-looking, gargantuan magnitude, Gunnera tinctoria projects a bold, dignified persona.
Palmately lobed leaves with toothed and frilled margins unfurl to 5 ft. across atop thick edible stalks that emerge from underground rhizomes, rich in tannins. Launching a large cob-shaped inflorescence inhabited by tiny rusty red flowers, the enormous domed mound adds sheer mass and a coarse stiff texture to the landscape.
Although the Chilean Rhubarb sulks in high summer humidity, it is undemanding and quick to establish in moist areas, given A LOT of room and winter protection for the crowns.
Blooms September–October.
Size: 8' high x 8' wide; hardy to zone 7.  [note – this nursery will have them available in November 2015  - Gunnera tinctoria, at Digging Dog}  [sourc - retrieved from  http://www.diggingdog.com/pages2/plantpages.php/P-1317   on  8/11/2015]
Gunnera is a truly ancient plant, having evolved some 150 million years ago, around the time of the dinosaurs. Named after Norwegian botanist Johan Ernst Gunnerus (who, by the way, described the basking shark and gave it its scientific name, Squalus maximus), Gunnera possesses glands that contain a cyanobacterium, Nostoc, which fixes nitrogen for the plant, meaning that Gunnera can live in what most plants would consider poor conditions. In fact, Gunnera is the only flowering plant in the world that has a symbiotic relationship with a cyanobacterium (all other nitrogen-fixing plant relationships are with the eukaryotic so-called “true” bacteria rather than prokaryotic cyanobacteria), making the plant of intense interest to molecular botanists. Gunnera is also of interest to indigenous peoples of the Chilean and Peruvian Andes; they eat the tender young stalks and leaves of the plant, called ‘nalcas’ in Spanish.
 
Native to southern Chile, Gunnera tinctoria was first brought to Ireland in 1939 as an ornamental plant. Its popularity as a garden plant grew quickly, and the plant did well since it was growing in a climate similar to its southern hemisphere home. However, despite the similarities of climatic conditions, it was growing in a community of completely different plants without its natural competitors and predators. It began to spread, and now Gunnera tinctoria is found on western Ireland’s coastal cliffs, waterways, roadsides, wet meadows and derelict gardens and fields. Propagating both by seed and by vegetative means, in early spring its leaves begin to grow and in just weeks can reach over 2 meters in height, shading all plants growing below its 2 meter wide leaves. Gunnera tinctoria is now a major threat to plant biodiversity in some areas of Ireland, because smaller plants cannot grow in the shadow created by the giant leaves. To fight the spread of this plant, Ireland is now applying herbicides to get rid of it. Bad news indeed.
 
Law (2003) states that, “G. tinctoria is a large, clump-forming, herbaceous plant that grows up to 2m in height. It has stout horizontal rhizomes, and massive umbrella-sized leaves on sturdy petioles. The leaves and their stems are covered in rubbery prickles. Tiny green flowers occur in early summer on conical spikes.” The Taranaki Regional Council (2003) state that, “G. tinctoria is a perennial with an exotic tropical appearance with spiny stems some 1.5 to 2m tall. The flower stems resemble elongated broccoli and number up to five per plant, standing up to 1m tall and rising from the base of the leaves (each seed head may contain in excess of 80,000 seeds). In severe winter conditions the plant dies down for the winter and grows new leaves in spring.”
Plants for a Future (2000) reports that young leaf stalks can be peeled and cooked as a vegetable or eaten raw. They are “Acidic and refreshing”. G. tinctoria also has medicinal uses as an astringent. This species can also be used as to make a black dye is obtained from the root, and has been used as a roof covering Plants for a Future, 2000). Williams et al. (2005) reports that, “In Southern Chile (at latitudes of 36º-42ºS) G. tinctoria is a delicacy associated with Mapuche Indian customs. The young petioles are commonly sold by street vendors and eaten raw, along with salt and chilli to enhance the flavour (E. Villouta pers. comm. 2004).”
In nature, all Gunnera plants form a symbiosis with a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, thought to be exclusively Nostoc punctiforme. The bacteria enter the plant via glands found at the base of each leaf stalk and initiate an intracellular symbiosis which is thought to provide the plant with fixed nitrogen in return for fixed carbon for the bacterium. This intracellular interaction is unique in flowering plants and may provide insights to allow the creation of novel symbioses between crop plants and cyanobacteria, allowing growth in areas lacking fixed nitrogen in the soil.
Source: tofinotime by Josie Osborne, Tofino – Wiki  [sourc - retrieved from  https://zoom50.wordpress.com/2012/02/21/nalcagiant-rhubarb-gunnera-tinctoria/   on  8/11/2015]
Uses[
The stalks of G. tinctoria (nalcas), from Southern Chile and Argentina, are edible. Their principal use is fresh consumption, but also they are prepared in salads, liquor or marmalade. Leaves of this species are used in covering curanto (a traditional Chilean food).  [sourc - retrieved from  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunnera   on  8/11/2015]
 
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to  www.jw.org].
 
To view this plant, go to, http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/56632/#b   or   http://www.diggingdog.com/pages2/plantpages.php/P-1317
 
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To enjoy an online Bible study called “Follow the Christ” go to, http://www.network54.com/Forum/403209/thread/1417398076/last-1417398076/Digital+Book+On+18+Part+Follow+Christ+Bible+Study
 
Your Friend in Christ Iris89 
 
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org! 

NATURAL CURES FOR SOME TYPES OF CANCERS – THE GRAVIOLA AND THE PAW-PAW TREE.
 
[1] THE GRAVIOLA TREE, A Wonderful Gift to Mankind by Almighty God (YHWH).
 
Genesis 1:29-30 And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb yielding seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for food: 30 and to every beast of the earth, and to every bird of the heavens, and to everything that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, [I have given] every green herb for food: and it was so. (American Standard Version)
 
There exist a wonderful tree deep in the rain forest of Brazil, the Graviola, of the family = Annonaceae, Genus = Annona, Species = Muricata, and common name of Soursop whose leaves, seeds, and fruit are very beneficial for mankind and constitute a great gift to mankind from our heavenly Father, Almighty God (YHWH).
 
Its fruit are a delight to eat being like white custard with a few black seeds, and its leaves can be used for making a tea that is very beneficial for mankind.   How so?   Both the fruit and its juice and the tea made from its leaves have strong anti-cancer properties.   Research shows that with extracts from this miraculous tree it may be possible to:
 
1. CONQUER SOME CANCERS WITH THIS SAFE AND EFFECTIVE ALL-NATURAL THERAPY WHICH DOES NOT CAUSE EXTREME NAUSEA, WEIGHT LOSS AND HAIR LOSS.
2. PROTECT YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM AND AVOID SOME DEADLY INFECTIONS.
3. BOOST YOUR ENERGY AND IMPROVE YOUR OUTLOOK ON LIFE.
4. IN MANY CASES, IT EFFECTIVELY TARGETS AND KILLS MALIGNANT CELLS IN 12 TYPES OF CANCER - INCLUDING COLON, BREAST, PROSTATE, LUND, AND PANCREATIC CANCER.
 
THE FACT IS THAT THE TREE COMPOUNDS IN THIS TREE PROVED TO BE UP TO 10,000 TIMES STRONGER IN KILLINC SOME CANCER CELLS THAN A ADRIMYCIN, A COMMONLY USED CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG!   WHAT'S MORE, UNLIKE CHEMOTHERAPY, THE COMPOUND EXTRACTED FROM THE GRAVIOLA TREE SELECTIVELY HUNTS DOWN AND KILLS ONLY CANCER CELLS.
 
THE AMAZING ANTI-CANCER PROPERTIES OF THE GRAVIOLA TREE HAVE BEEN EXTENSIVELY RESEARCHED, BUT THE MAJOR DRUG COMPANIES ARE NOT INTERESTED SINCE THEY CAN NOT MAKE ANY REAL MONEY ON IT AS IT IS NOT PATENTABLE.
 
Various parts of the Graviola tree, including the bark, leaves, roots, fruit and seeds have been used for centuries by medicine men and native Indians is South America for the treatment of heart disease, asthma, liver problems and arthritis.
 
NOTE: If growing Graviola or any other annona tree, Plac rotten fruit, tomatoes, apples, etc. under the tree several weeks prior to flowering as this may increase the population of the Nitidulid Beetls (Coloaptera Nitiduckse), the pollinator for all annona trees.  Also, if deficient in iron, use iron sulfate and NOT iron oxide.
 
Web Resources include:
 
1. Clinical References and Abstracts on Graviola and Medline.
2. Clinical Research on Annonaceous acetogenins (A class of cytotoxic chemicals in Graviola)
3. Ethnobotany Data (common names, uses, countries) from the Ethnobotany Database.
4. Phytochemical information from the Phytochemical Database.
5. Pictures, Data and Cultivation Information from Purdue University.
6. Photograph from the University of Hawaii
7. Data (Common names, uses, distribution) from the USDA/ARS NPGS's GRIN taxonomic database).
8. Data (uses, distribution, wetland) from the USDA's plants database.)
 
Other uses and parts used, "Annona muricata L. Annonaceae.  Fruit edible fresh.   Leaf dcocation used for catarrh in Piura; crushed seed to kill parasites (FEO).  Bar, roots and leaves are used in teas for diabetes; also used as a sedative and antispasmodic (RVM).  "Creoles" use the decoction of the leaves and bark as a sedative, yet heart tonic.   Elsewhere used for chills, colds, diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia, nervousness, palpitations, pediculosis, ringworm, sores and internal ulcers (DAW).  I have found the juice very effective against mouth sores.
[reference - http://www.rain-tree.com/plants.htm]
 
The tree itself is a small evergreen tree of about 5 to 6 meters with large dark green and glossy leaves which likes warm tropical climates and a sufficient supply of water.  All parts of the tree are used in natural medicine in the tropics including the bark, leaves, roots, fruit and fruit-seeds.   Different properties are attributed to different parts of the tree.  Generally the fruit and the fruit juice is used for parasites, to cool fever, to increase mother's milk after childbirth, and as an astringent for diarrhea and dysentery.  The crushed seeds are used as a vermifuge and anthelmintic against internal and external parasites and worms.  The leaves, bark, and roots are used or made in a tea for hypotensive and various other disorders.
 
Many bioactive compounds and phytochemicals have been found in the Graviola and scientist have been studying it since the 1940s.  In fact, researchers re-verified Graviola's leaf hypotensive properties in rats in 1991.  Studies have shown that the leaf, bark, root, stem, and seeds extracts of the Graviola are antibacterial in vitro against numerous pathogens and that the bark has antifungal properties.   Graviola seeds demonstrated active antiparasit properties in a 1991 study, and a leaf extract showed to be active against malariaa, a parasite disease, in two other studies in 1990 and 1993.
 
In a 1976 plant screening program by the National Cancer Institute, the leaves and stem of this tree showed active cytotoxicity against many cancer cells and researchers are continuing to investigate.  Much of the research on this tree focuses on a novel set of phytochemicals called 'annonaceous acetogenins.'   The potent antitumor, pesticidal and/or insect antifeedant properties of these 'annonaceous acetognins' have been reported and patented.  Research on various Annona species of plants has yielded many extremely potent acetogenins.   Many of them have cytotoxicity with ED50 values as low as 10-9 ug/ml.  Active compounds have been submitted to the NIH anti-AIDS screen by Purdue University, but the results have not been disclosed.
 
The Skaggs Scientific Report 1997-1998, states, 'Annonaceous acetogenins, have remarkable cytotoxic, antihumor, antimalerial, immunosuppressive, and antifeedant activities. [reference - http://www.rain-tree.com/plants.htm]
 
McLaughlin and associates described 14 Annona compounds that seem to be potent ATP blockers.  "This study tells us how to maximize this activity, so we have a pretty good idea what compounds we'd like to try in animals with multi-drug resistant (MDR) tumore," said, McLaughlin.[reference - J. L. McLaughlin, F.Q. Alali, W. Kaaken, and G.W. Bennet, "Use of Annonaceous Acetogenins against Pesticide Resistance, disclosed to Purdeu Research Foundation, October 15, 1997, P-97059.00]
[source - Herbal Secrets of the Rainforest, By Leslie Taylor, ND, ISBN: 0-7570-0144-0 - note, I highly recommend this book to all.]
 
Now, Isn't it wonderful that Almighty God (YHWH) created these wonderful tree as the Graviola for mankind?
 
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APPENDIX ON THE GRAVIOLA TREE:
 
[1] The Tree
What we do know is that indigenous peoples from the Amazon jungle call it the miracle tree. Regular readers may remember our report on Neem, dubbed 'the local pharmacy' in India.
Local populations have used the tree for thousands of years to treat everything from arthritis to liver problems
The Graviola tree grows five to six metres in height, and is native to South America particularly around the Amazon basin. It is also found in places such as Polynesia. The common names are Graviola, Soursop or (Brazilian) Paw Paw.
Local populations have used the bark, leaves, roots, fruit, seeds and flowers for thousands of years to treat everything from arthritis to liver problems.
For example, the fruit and seeds are used for intestinal health and the elimination of parasites. Women eat paw paw to increase lactation; teas made from root and bark help as a sedative or nerve tonic and can maintain healthy glucose levels. In Polynesia teas elevate mood and reduce depression. Almost certainly, like Noni and Aloe Vera, a high polysaccharide content is responsible for many of its effects.
The Research
The FDA has approved Graviola for use only to support immune function.
However, there are at least 11 papers we could find on clinical references to the above properties e.g. Sedative? (Bourne RR. West Indian Med J 1979 28:2); or, Immune boosting? (Wu FE various J Nat Prod 1995 June).
But, by far the largest number of studies comes from Purdue University in America where, to date, $5 million of public funds has been spent on studies.
The Cancer 'Cure'?
Several of the active ingredients kill malignant cells of 12 different types of cancer
Research has indicated, albeit 'in vitro', that several of the active ingredients (Annonaceous acetogenins) kill malignant cells of 12 different types of cancer including breast, ovarian, colon, prostate, liver, lung, pancreatic and lymphoma.
Originally listed by the National Cancer Institute in the USA in 1976, it was not until 1995 that work gained any momentum.
The NCI now supports the Purdue research. Recently this has confirmed that extracts from Graviola leaves killed cancer cells 'among six human-cell lines' and were especially effective against prostate and pancreatic cancers. Another study showed their effect against lung cancer.
The most recent study by the Catholic University in South Korea has shown that the active ingredients have 'selective cytoxicity' comparable with Adriamycin, a drug historically used for breast and colon cancer. A further study published in the Journal of Natural Products claimed Graviola was 10,000 times more effective; a third study from South Korea showed that, unlike Adriamycin, there was no negative activity on healthy cells; whilst a fourth study from Purdue (1997) stated that many cancer cells which survive classic chemotherapy by developing resistance to chemicals, were attacked none-the-less by the Graviola agents.
Dr Jerry McLaughlin, Purdue's lead researcher says that many cancer cells, over time, develop a P-glycoprotein pump to expel the chemotherapy agent before it can work. However Annona chemicals bypass this and kill the cancer cell. Dr McLaughlin has a number of videos published on the web (yes, you have to pay for them) about his findings.
All in all Purdue researchers have found dramatic activity against worms, some viruses, fungi and many cancer cell lines. A human study with 100 people is complete and to be published shortly.[SOURCE - http://www.canceractive.com/page.php?n=850]
 
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APPENDIX TWO ON THE GRAVIOLA TREE:
 
How many people died in vain while this billion-dollar
drug maker concealed the secret of the miraculous Graviola tree?
If there ever was a single example that makes it dramatically clear why the existence of Health Sciences Institute is so vital to Americans like you, it's the incredible story behind the Graviola tree.
The truth is stunningly simple: Deep within the Amazon Rainforest grows a tree that could literally revolutionize what you, your doctor, and the rest of the world thinks about cancer treatment and chances of survival. The future has never looked more promising.
Research shows that with extracts from this miraculous tree it now may be possible to...
* Attack cancer safely and effectively with an all-natural therapy that does not cause extreme nausea, weight loss and hair loss
* Protect your immune system and avoid deadly infections
* Feel stronger and healthier throughout the course of the treatment
* Boost your energy and improve your outlook on life
The source of this information is just as stunning: It comes from one of America's largest drug manufacturers, the fruit of over 20 laboratory tests conducted since the 1970's! What those tests revealed was nothing short of mind numbing... Extracts from the tree were shown to:
* Effectively target and kill malignant cells in 12 types of cancer, including colon, breast, prostate, lung and pancreatic cancer.
* The tree compounds proved to be up to 10,000 times stronger in slowing the growth of cancer cells than Adriamycin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug!
* What's more, unlike chemotherapy, the compound extracted from the Graviola tree selectively hunts down and kills only cancer cells. It does not harm healthy cells!
The amazing anti-cancer properties of the Graviola tree have been extensively researched--so why haven't you heard anything about it? If Graviola extract is as half as promising as it appears to be--why doesn't every single oncologist at every major hospital insist on using it on all his or her patients?
The spine-chilling answer illustrates just how easily our health--and for many, our very lives (!)--are controlled by money and power.
Graviola--the plant that worked too well
One of America's biggest billion-dollar drug makers began a search for a cancer cure and their research centered on Graviola, a legendary healing tree from the Amazon Rainforest.
Various parts of the Graviola tree--including the bark, leaves, roots, fruit and fruit-seeds--have been used for centuries by medicine men and native Indians in South America to treat heart disease, asthma, liver problems and arthritis. Going on very little documented scientific evidence, the company poured money and resources into testing the tree's anti-cancerous properties--and were shocked by the results. Graviola proved itself to be a cancer-killing dynamo.
But that's where the Graviola story nearly ended.
The company had one huge problem with the Graviola tree--it's completely natural, and so, under federal law, not patentable. There's no way to make serious profits from it.
It turns out the drug company invested nearly seven years trying to synthesize two of the Graviola tree's most powerful anti-cancer ingredients. If they could isolate and produce man-made clones of what makes the Graviola so potent, they'd be able to patent it and make their money back. Alas, they hit a brick wall. The original simply could not be replicated. There was no way the company could protect its profits--or even make back the millions it poured into research.
As the dream of huge profits evaporated, their testing on Graviola came to a screeching halt. Even worse, the company shelved the entire project and chose not to publish the findings of its research!
Luckily, however, there was one scientist from the Graviola research team whose conscience wouldn't let him see such atrocity committed. Risking his career, he contacted a company that's dedicated to harvesting medical plants from the Amazon Rainforest and blew the whistle.
Miracle unleashed
When researchers at the Health Sciences Institute were alerted to the news of Graviola, they began tracking the research done on the cancer-killing tree. Evidence of the astounding effectiveness of Graviola--and its shocking cover-up--came in fast and furious...
...The National Cancer Institute performed the first scientific research in 1976. The results showed that Graviola's "leaves and stems were found effective in attacking and destroying malignant cells." Inexplicably, the results were published in an internal report and never released to the public...
...Since 1976, Graviola has proven to be an immensely potent cancer killer in 20 independent laboratory tests--yet no double-blind clinical trials, the typical benchmark mainstream doctors and journals use to judge a treatment's value--were ever initiated...
...A study published in the Journal of Natural Products, following a recent study conducted at Catholic University of South Korea stated that one chemical in Graviola was found to selectively kill colon cancer cells at "10,000 times the potency of (the commonly used chemotherapy drug) Adriamycin..."
...The most significant part of the Catholic University of South Korea report is that Graviola was shown to selectively target the cancer cells leaving healthy cells untouched. Unlike chemotherapy, which indiscriminately targets all actively reproducing cells (such as stomach and hair cells), causing the often devastating side effects of nausea and hair loss in cancer patients.
...A study at Purdue University recently found that leaves from the Graviola tree killed cancer cells among six human cell lines and were especially effective against prostate, pancreatic and lung cancers...[SOURCE - http://www.isecureonline.com/Reports/HSI/WHSIHC21/ ]
 
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[2] THE PAW PAW TREE:
 
A CLOSE RELATIVE OF THIS TREE, THE PAW PAW, HAS THE SAME ANTI CANCER PROPERTIES AS FOLLOWS:
 
Q:
How is paw paw used for cancer treatment?
A:
QUICK ANSWER
Paw paw extract contains acetogenins, which prevent cells from making adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, and causing programmed cell death, or apoptosis, of cancer cells, according to the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Taken orally as a capsule, paw paw is a cancer protocol for newly diagnosed cancer patients, states CancerTutor.com.
 
FULL ANSWER
All cells in the human body require glucose and oxygen to produce ATP, or the energy the cells need to survive, notes Dr. Jerry McLaughlin for PawPawResearch.com. Cancer cells require more energy than normal cells, so when paw paw blocks production of ATP, the cancer cells essentially starve and die, while the normal cells in the body are relatively unharmed. Paw paw also kills multiple-drug resistant cells that often form in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Due to the fact the cells are being starved to death and not poisoned, like in chemotherapy, treatment takes longer, explains CancerTutor.com. It is not a recommended protocol for fast-growing cancer patients, as it is only effective for newly diagnosed or slow-growing cancer patients.
In vitro laboratory studies show paw paw plant extract kills cancer cells, including those resistant to chemotherapy drugs such as Adriamycin, reports the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Laboratory studies also show paw paw extract negatively affects cancer cells more so than normal cells. However, experiments in mice were inconclusive, and there is very little scientific evidence to support paw paw as an effective treatment of cancer in humans.    [SOURC - RETRIEVED FROM  http://get.smarter.com/qa/health/paw-paw-used-cancer-treatment-706a9e81133428a7?ad=semD&an=msn_s&am=broad&o=32839   ON  9/12/2015]
 
 
Extracts are available from Sunshine Co., under Paw-Paw extract Cel Reg.
 
Paw Paw Cell-Reg Powerful remedy for cancer, viral and fungal infections, head lice and more... Almost half of the U.S. men and women will eventually be diagnosed with a malignant, cancerous growth. Yet, in spite of decades of research, cancer continues to take the lives of about one out of four Americans. Cancers are the result of damage (mutations) to DNA in the nucleus of our cells. In cancer, cells become so severely damaged that they lose their normal control systems for growth, cell division and death. These mutant cells replicate rapidly, consuming resources needed by other body systems, and producing excess waste for the body to deal with. Cancers will attract new blood vessels to themselves to feed their runaway appetites for nutrients needed for their out-of-control growth. Cancers can even clone themselves and, traveling through the blood stream and lymphatic system, metastasize throughout the body. What if you could take something that would selectively deprive cancer cells of the energy they need to feed their rapid growth and reproduction, without harming healthy cells? What if, as positive side-effects, this same substance could enhance the effectiveness of standard chemotherapy? As an added bonus, what if it could also help your body deal with parasitic organisms such as intestinal worms, viral infection, yeast infections and even head lice? Years of research have confirmed that substances which can accomplish these tasks can be found in the leaves, unripe fruits and twigs of the humble paw paw tree, a deciduous, fruit-bearing tree that grows in the U.S. from Missouri and Arkansas to the Atlantic coast. The spring twigs, unripe fruits and mature seeds were used by certain native Americans as a treatment for cancer, but this knowledge was never made widely known. Fortunately, a pharmacognosist working at Purdue University, Dr. Jerry McLaughlin, rediscovered the anticancer properties of paw paw. During his career Dr. McLaughlin screened over 10,000 plants for anticancer activity. The most potent anticancer plant he found was the American paw paw tree. His research suggests that paw paw extract: • Slows and stops the production of cell energy in cells by blocking the production of ATP. • Prevents the growth of new blood vessels in or near tumors. • Depletes DNA and RNA building blocks that are needed for cell division. • Kills those cells that are resistant to chemotherapy drugs. • Prevents cells from activating ATP-fueled metabolic pumps that reject chemotherapy drugs. • Is up to 300 times more potent than Taxol, without inducing weight loss. However, before you rush out and start chewing on paw paw trees, understand that amounts of the compounds which achieve these results, annonaceous acetogenins, can vary from plant to plant and month to month by a factor of 1,000. So, the best way to guarantee that you're getting the right amount of these compounds is to use the standardized extract, Paw Paw Cell-Reg. Because cancer cells use energy at 13 to 17 times the rate of healthy cells, these acetogenins are particularly lethal to cancer cells. Just like humans, the cells in our body have a time to live and a time to die. Cells can die because they are killed by injurious agents, but they can also die because they are induced to commit “suicide”—a process called apoptosis. There are built in mechanisms inside each cell that cause apoptosis when conditions are right. This process takes place naturally when certain cells are either no longer needed by the body or when they become a threat to the body. By inhibiting production of ATP inside the mitochondria of the cells, the annonaceous acetogenins from the paw paw tree trigger apoptosis in cancer cells. In other words, these compounds (found in Paw Paw Cell-Reg) “convince” cancer cells to self destruct. Paw Paw Cell-Reg has a very low toxicity to healthy cells and is well tolerated by most people. Taking too much Paw Paw Cell-Reg causes nausea and vomiting. This is built-in protection. Paw Paw Cell-Reg is not taken for cancer prevention. It should be taken by people who have actually been diagnosed with cancer. Furthermore, it does not work on tall types of cancer. It appears to work best on tumors. Although Paw Paw Cell-Reg can cause fatigue when taken by healthy people, people with cancer typically report having more energy when using Paw Paw Cell- Reg as the tumor cells no longer saps the body of glucose. When taken for cancer, Paw Paw Cell-Reg should be used as part of a comprehensive program, which should be put together with the help of qualified professionals. Using Paw Paw Cell-Reg for Cancer The suggested use of Paw Paw Cell-Reg is 4 capsules per day until after remission. Some people can tolerate 2-3 times that dose, but one should be cautious not to use too much. Best results have been obtained when Paw Paw Cell-Reg is used with Immune Stimulator and High Potency Protease (taken between meals). Women with breast cancer may want to add Breast Assured. Men with prostate cancer may want to add Men’s Formula. When doing the Paw Paw program, it is best to avoid products that are intended to increase the production of cellular energy. In particular Cellular Energy, Coenzyme Q10, IGF-1 and 7-Keto should be avoided. Some people report a rapid, measurable response to the program, while others have a slower response. Some tumors may not respond, so progress should be monitored by appropriate medical methods. Paw Paw can be used in conjunction with chemotherapy and may make chemotherapy more effective, especially in the case of tumors that have become resistant to chemotherapy. For Educational Purposes Only Distributed by: Seek appropriate professional assistance for all serious health problems. Handout prepared by Tree of Light Publishing P.O. Box 911239, St. George, UT 84791 (www.treelite.com) ©2007 May be reproduced provided it is not altered in any way. Do not use paw paw if you are or may become pregnant. Other Uses for Paw Paw Cell-Reg Paw Paw Cell-Reg may also be helpful for fighting certain types of infections. Because viruses require ATP to replicate, it may slow the progress of viral infections. Some people have found it helpful for shingles, warts and herpes. It may also be helpful for yeast infections and parasites. Typically, it is taken in lower doses for these conditions, from one to three capsules per day. Paw Paw Cell-Reg has been very effective when used topically for fungal infections, warts and herpes sores. It can be made into a salve or an ointment for this purpose (directions follow). Another use for Paw Paw Cell-Reg is to kill head lice. It is a natural insecticide and can be incorporated into a shampoo to eliminate the lice. Directions for making a lice-killing shampoo follow. This shampoo can also be used on animals to kill fleas. Paw Paw Cell-Reg can also be made into a solution and used as a natural insecticide for plants. Making a Paw Paw Salve or Lotion For a quick and easy salve, simply open 5-10 capsules of Paw Paw Cell-Reg and mix the contents into about one tablespoon of lotion or ointment (for example, Golden Salve, Black Ointment or Pau D’Arco Lotion). This simple preparation will be gritty, but effective. Apply topically as needed. If you wish to make a non-gritty salve, combine 10 capsules of Paw Paw Cell-Reg with one ounce (2 tablespoons) of isopropyl alcohol. Mix together well in a small glass container, then cover and let the mixture stand until the particles have settled to the bottom. Pour off the liquid into a saucer or dish. (Save the liquid.) Now, add two more tablespoons of alcohol to the remaining solids in the glass container. As before, cover and let stand until the particles have settled. Again, carefully pour the liquid into the saucer or dish. Discard the particles. Let the saucer or dish sit out, uncovered, until all the alcohol evaporates. You will be left with a green-brown residue, which can be mixed with one teaspoon of salve or ointment, or three teaspoons of lotion. This can then be applied topically. Store the salve or lotion in a sterile, covered containers. Making Paw Paw Shampoo To make an insecticidal shampoo for head lice or fleas, open 10 capsules of Paw Paw Cell-Reg and mix into about 2 tablespoons of shampoo. Then, add seven drops of thyme essential oil and four drops of tea tree oil. This shampoo will be gritty, but effective. To make a non-gritty shampoo you will have to dissolve the Paw Paw Cell-Reg in alcohol as described in Making a Paw Paw Salve or Lotion above. To do this, combine the contents of 10 capsules of Paw Paw Cell-Reg with one ounce (2 tablespoons) of pure grain alcohol, EverClear or isopropyl alcohol. Mix together well in a small glass container. Cover and let stand until particles have settled. Carefully pour off the liquid onto a saucer or dish. (Save the liquid.) Add 2 more tablespoons of alcohol to the remaining material in the glass container and mix well. Again, cover and let stand until the particles have settled, then carefully pour off the liquid onto the saucer or dish with the liquid from the previous extraction. Let the saucer stand until all of the alcohol has evaporated. When the alcohol has evaporated, mix six teaspoons (2 Tablespoons) of Herbal Shampoo (or another natural shampoo) into the residue on the saucer until well combined and uniform in color. Then, add 7 drops of Thyme Essential Oil and 4 drops of Tea Tree Oil to the shampoo mixture. You can make a larger batch of shampoo. However, it will take longer for evaporation of the alcohol to occur. To use the shampoo for removal of head lice follow the directions below exactly. 1. Lather two tablespoons (30 ml) of shampoo into dry hair and scalp. Long or thick hair will require one additional tablespoon of shampoo and will need to remain on head an additional 15 minutes. 2. Place shower cap/hair net on head to contain shampoo and to protect the eyes. 3. Leave shampoo lather on hair for 60 minutes. 4. Rinse shampoo thoroughly from hair and scalp. 5. Dry and comb hair thoroughly with lice comb to remove nits/lice. 6. Repeat steps 1-6 in 8 days and again in 16 days to insure thorough and complete removal. Use regular shampoo in the meantime. Use the same steps to make a flea removing shampoo for animals. If you mix the alcohol extract of Paw Paw Cell-Reg into two tablespoons of Sunshine Concentrate, you can dilute this with two quarts of water to make an insecticidal spray for plants. For Additional Information See: The Comprehensive Guide to Nature’s Sunshine Products by Tree of Light Publishing The Miracle of Paw Paw Herbal Hour DVD featuring Steven Horne and Kimberly Balas by Tree of Light Publishing The Power of Paw Paw Audio CD featuring medical doctors and research scientists discussing the benefits of paw paw. Narrated by Steven Horne, available through Tree of Light Publishing
[sourc - retrieved from   http://www.treelite.com/downloads/PawPawCell-Reg.pdf  on  9/12/2015]
 
 
 
 

Hi Everyone:
 
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Lantana spp., Lantana
.
Abundance: plentiful
What: ripe berries (dark blue colored)
How: raw or cooked
Where: sunny yards, borders, fields
When: summer, fall 
Nutritional Value: low
DANGERS: LEAVES AND UNRIPE FRUIT ARE VERY POISONOUS AND EATING THEM CAN LEAD TO DEATH.
 
Cooked lantana berries are considered starvation food in that they aren't eaten unless there's nothing else to eat. ALL OTHER PARTS OF THE PLANT ARE DEADLY! BOIL OR TOAST THE BERRIES BEFORE EATING THEM.    [SOURC - RETRIEVED FROM  HTTP://WWW.FORAGINGTEXAS.COM/2006/12/LANTANA.HTML   ON  7/2/2015]
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to  www.jw.org].
 
To view this plant, go to, http://www.foragingtexas.com/2006/12/lantana.html
 
TO LEARN MORE ABOUT RELIGION AND THE BIBLE, GO TO,
 
1) http://iris89.conforums.com/ 
 
2) http://www.network54.com/Forum/403209/ 
 
3) http://religioustruths.lefora.com/
 
4) http://religioustruths.boardhost.com/
 
5) http://religioustruths.forumsland.com/
 
6) http://religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/ 
 
7) http://religioustruths.forumotion.com/
 
To enjoy an online Bible study called “Follow the Christ” go to, http://www.network54.com/Forum/403209/thread/1417398076/last-1417398076/Digital+Book+On+18+Part+Follow+Christ+Bible+Study
 
Your Friend in Christ Iris89 
 
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org! 
 

Hi Everyone:
 
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Liatris spicata, Gayfeather/Liatris
 
Abundance: uncommon
What: root/tuber
How: roasted
Where: open fields, landscaping
When: fall, winter
Nutritional Value: calories
 
Gayfeather tubers continue to grow larger year after year but only the latest-year's portion is tender enough to eat. Memorize the location of the summer-blooming purple flower stalks for harvesting the tubers in the fall and winter. 
 
The drought-resistant plants are becoming popular in low-water xeriscapes and can often be found at big-box home improvement stores.    [sourc - retrieved from   http://www.foragingtexas.com/2005/09/gayfeatherliatris.html  on  6/22/2015]
 
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to  www.jw.org].
 
To view this plant, go to, http://www.foragingtexas.com/2005/09/gayfeatherliatris.html
 
TO LEARN MORE ABOUT RELIGION AND THE BIBLE, GO TO,
 
1) http://iris89.conforums.com/ 
 
2) http://www.network54.com/Forum/403209/ 
 
3) http://religioustruths.lefora.com/
 
4) http://religioustruths.boardhost.com/
 
5) http://religioustruths.forumsland.com/
 
6) http://religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/ 
 
7) http://religioustruths.forumotion.com/
 
To enjoy an online Bible study called “Follow the Christ” go to, http://www.network54.com/Forum/403209/thread/1417398076/last-1417398076/Digital+Book+On+18+Part+Follow+Christ+Bible+Study
 
Your Friend in Christ Iris89 
 
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org! 
 

Hi Everyone:
 
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the The purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), colloquially known simply as mangosteen, is  tropical evergreen tree believed to have originated in the Sunda Islands and the Moluccas of Indonesia. It grows mainly in Southeast Asia, and also in tropical countries such as Colombia, Sri Lanka, in the state of Kerala in India and in Puerto Rico and Hawaii,[1][2] where the tree has been introduced. The tree grows from 6 to 25 m (19.7 to 82.0 ft) tall.[3] The fruit of the mangosteen is sweet and tangy, juicy, somewhat fibrous, with fluid-filled vesicles (like the flesh of citrus fruits), with an inedible, deep reddish-purple colored rind (exocarp) when ripe.[1] In each fruit, the fragrant edible flesh that surrounds each seed is botanically endocarp, i.e., the inner layer of the ovary.[4][5] Seeds are almond-shaped and sized.
The purple mangosteen belongs to the same genus as the other, less widely known,mangosteens, such as the button mangosteen (G. prainiana) or the charichuelo (G. madruno).
 
History
Mangosteen is a native plant to Sunda Islands and the Moluccas of Indonesia. Highly valued for its juicy, delicate texture and slightly sweet and sour flavour, the mangosteen has been cultivated in Java, Sumatra, Mainland Southeast Asia, and the southern Philippines since ancient times. The 15th-century Chinese record Yingyai Shenglan described mangosteen asmang-chi-shih (derived from Javanese manggis), a native plant of Java of white flesh with delectable sweet and sour taste.[6]
 
A description of mangosteen was included in the Species Plantarum by Linnaeus in 1753. The mangosteen was introduced into English greenhouses in 1855.[7] Subsequently its culture was introduced into the Western Hemisphere, where it became established in West Indies islands, especially Jamaica. It was later established on the Americas mainland in Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, and Ecuador. The mangosteen tree generally does not grow well outside the tropics.
 
Propagation, cultivation and harvest
Mangosteen is usually propagated by seedlings.[3][8] Vegetative propagation is difficult and seedlings are more robust and reach fruiting earlier than vegetative propagated plants.[3][8]
Mangosteen produces a recalcitrant seed which is not a true seed strictly defined, but rather described as a nucellarasexual embryo.[3][8][9] As seed formation involves no sexual fertilization, the seedling is genetically identical to the mother plant.[3][8] If allowed to dry, a seed dies quickly, but if soaked, seed germination takes between 14 and 21 days when the plant can be kept in a nursery for about 2 years growing in a small pot.[8]
 
When the trees are approximately 25–30 cm (10–12 in), they are transplanted to the field at a distance of 20–40 m (66–131 ft).[3][8] After planting, the field is mulched in order to control weeds.[3][10] Transplanting takes place in the rainy season because young trees are likely to be damaged by drought.[3][8] Because young trees need shade,[3][10] intercropping withbanana, plantain, rambutan, durian or coconut leaves is effective.[3][8] Coconut palms are mainly used in areas with a long dry season, as palms also provide shade for mature mangosteen trees.[3][8] Another advantage of intercropping in mangosteen cultivation is the suppression of weeds.[3][10]
 
The growth of the trees is retarded if the temperature is below 20 °C. The ideal temperature range for growing and producing fruits is between 25 °C and 35 °C[11] with a relative humidity over 80%.[10] The maximal temperature is between 38 °C and 40 °C, with both leaves and fruit being susceptible to scorching and sunburn,[10][11] while the minimum temperature is between 3 °C and 5 °C.[11] Young seedlings prefer a high level of shade and mature trees are shade-tolerant.[11]
Mangosteen trees have a weak root system and prefer deep, well drained soils with high moisture content, often growing on riverbanks.[10] The mangosteen is not adapted to limestone soils, sandy, alluvial soils or sandy soils with low organic matter content.[11][12] Mangosteen trees need a well distributed rainfall over the year (<40 mm/month) and a 3–5 week dry season.[11]
 
Mangosteen trees are sensitive to water availability and application of fertilizer input which is increased with the age of trees, regardless of region.[3][10] Maturation of mangosteen fruits takes 5–6 months, with harvest occurring when thepericarps are purple.[3][9]
 
Breeding
In breeding of perennial mangosteen, selection of rootstock and grafting are significant issues to overcome constraints to production, harvesting or seasonality.[3] Most of the genetic resources for breeding are in germplasm collections, whereas some wild species are cultivated in Malaysia and the Philippines.[3][8] Conservation methods are chosen because storage of seeds under dried and low temperature conditions has not been successful.[3]
 
Because of the long duration until the trees yield fruits and the long resulting breeding cycles, mangosteen breeding has not proven attractive for transplanting or research.[3][13] Breeding objectives that may enhance mangosteen production include:[13]
 
* Drought tolerance, especially sensitivity to drought in the first 5 years after germination
* Tree architecture to produce a tree with a crown that is regular and pyramid-shaped
* Fruit quality including i) overcoming bitter taste components caused by changes in pulp, pericarp or aril and ii) pericarp cracking resulting from excessive water uptake
* Rootstock for improved adaptation to drought and robust development in early years of growth.
 
Yield
Mangosteen trees reach fruit-bearing in as little as 5–6 years, but more typically require 8–10 years.[3][9] The yield of the mangosteen is variable, depending on climate and age of the tree.[3] If the young tree is bearing for the first time, 200-300 fruits may be produced, whereas at maturity, 500 fruits per season are average.[3] At age 30 to 45 years in full maturity, each tree may yield as many as 3,000 fruits, with trees as old as 100 years still producing.[3]
 
Regional production
Major mangosteen production occurs in Southeast Asia, mainly in Thailand as the country with the most acreage planted, estimated at 4,000 ha in 1965[3] and 11,000 ha in 2000, giving a total yield of 46,000 tons.[8] Indonesia, Malaysia and thePhilippines are other major Asian producers.[8] Mangosteen production in Puerto Rico is succeeding,[1][9] but despite decades of attempts, no major production occurs elsewhere in the Caribbean Islands, South America, Florida, California,Hawaii or any continent except Asia.[3]
 
Diseases and pests
Common diseases and pests
The pathogens which attack purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) are common in other tropical trees. The diseases can be divided into foliar, fruit, stem and soil-borne diseases.[14]
 
Pestalotiopsis leaf blight (Pestalotiopsis flagisettula (only identified in Thailand)) is one of the diseases which infect especially young leaves.[14] Furthermore, the pathogen causes the fruits to rot before and after the harvest.[14] Additionalstem canker and dieback are caused by the pathogen.[14] Some of the symptoms of stem canker are branch splitting,gummosis and bark blistering.[14] The main areas where the disease was observed are Thailand, Malaysia and North Queensland.[14]
Another common disease is the thread blight or white thread blight disease (Marasmiellus scandens) whereas the name comes from the mycelia which resembles thread.[14] Leaves, twigs and branches may also be damaged by the disease.[14]The spores spread with the help of wind, raindrops and insects, and thrive in shady, humid and wet conditions.[14]
An important post-harvest disease affecting mangosteen especially in Thailand is called Diplodia fruit rot (Diplodia theobromae) which, as a secondary pathogen, enters the host plant through wounds.[14]
Phellinus noxius living on the roots and trunk bases causes brown root disease, a name derived from the appearance of themycelium-binding soil particles.[14] The distribution of the fungus happens through contact with infected wood or thickrhizomorphs on tree stumps.[14]
 
There are a few pests which feed on mangosteen leaves and fruits including leaf eater (Stictoptera sp.), leaf miner(Phyllocnictis citrella) and fruit borer (Curculio sp.).[8] Especially in nurseries, the larval stage of the leaf eater can cause visible damage on young leaves, but can be managed by biological control agents.[8] The larval stage of fruit borer (Curculio sp.) feeds on different parts of fruit before ripening.[8]
Control measures for diseases and pests
Different management options can be applied to control mangosteen diseases.[8][14]
 
* Measures to inhibit sun scalding to minimize leaf blight and stem canker.
* Reduction of wounds caused by insects and storm damage to minimize disease incidence.
* Change of the microclimate by tree spacing and pruning.
* Chemicals applied to root collars and tree stumps to control root diseases.
* Fungicides to control fungal pathogens.
* Biological pest control or insecticides to control insects.
 
Tree and fruit
A tropical tree, the mangosteen must be grown in consistently warm conditions, as exposure to temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) for prolonged periods will usually kill a mature plant. They are known to recover from brief cold spells rather well, often with damage only to young growth. Experienced horticulturists have grown this species outdoors, and brought them to fruit in extreme south Florida.[1]
The juvenile mangosteen fruit, which does not require fertilisation to form (seeagamospermy), first appears as pale green or almost white in the shade of thecanopy. As the fruit enlarges over the next two to three months, the exocarp colour deepens to darker green. During this period, the fruit increases in size until its exocarp is 6–8 centimetres (2.4–3.1 in) in outside diameter, remaining hard until a final, abrupt ripening stage.
 
The subsurface chemistry of the mangosteen exocarp comprises an array of polyphenols, including xanthones and tannins that assure astringency which discourages infestation by insects, fungi, plant viruses, bacteria and animal predation while the fruit is immature. Colour changes and softening of the exocarp are natural processes of ripening that indicates the fruit can be eaten and the seeds have finished developing.[15]
Once the developing mangosteen fruit has stopped expanding, chlorophyllsynthesis slows as the next colour phase begins. Initially streaked with red, the exocarp pigmentation transitions from green to red to dark purple, indicating a final ripening stage. This entire process takes place over a period of ten days as the edible quality of the fruit peaks.
 
Over the days following removal from the tree, the exocarp hardens to an extent depending upon post-harvest handling and ambient storage conditions, especially relative humidity levels. If the ambient humidity is high, exocarp hardening may take a week or longer when the flesh quality is peaking and excellent for consumption. However, after several additional days of storage, especially if unrefrigerated, the flesh inside the fruit might spoil without any obvious external indications. Using the hardness of the rind as an indicator of freshness for the first two weeks following harvest is therefore unreliable because the rind does not accurately reveal the interior condition of the flesh. If the exocarp is soft and yielding as it is when ripe and fresh from the tree, the fruit is usually good.[9]
The edible endocarp of the mangosteen has the same shape and size as a tangerine 4–6 centimetres (1.6–2.4 in) in diameter, but is white.[9] The number of fruit segments corresponds exactly with the number of stigma lobes on the exteriorapex;[3][9] accordingly, a higher number of fleshy segments also corresponds with the fewest seeds.[3] The circle of wedge-shaped segments contains 4–8, rarely 9 segments,[9] the larger ones harbouring the apomictic seeds that are unpalatable unless roasted.[3]
Often described as a subtle delicacy, the flesh bears an exceptionally mild aroma, quantitatively having about 1/400th of the chemical constituents of fragrant fruits, explaining its relative mildness.[16] The main volatile components having caramel,grass and butter notes as part of the mangosteen fragrance are hexyl acetate, hexenol and ?-copaene.
 
Nutritional content*
 
The endocarp is the white part of the fruit containing a mild flavor that makes the fruit popular for eating.[1][9] When analyzed specifically for its content of essential nutrients, however, mangosteen nutrition is modest, as all nutrients analyzed are a low percentage of the Dietary Reference Intake (see right table for canned fruit in syrup, USDA Nutrient Database; note that nutrient values for fresh fruit are likely different, but have not been published by a reputable source).[9][17]
 
Uses
Culinary
Due to restrictions on imports, mangosteen is not readily available in certain countries. Although available in Australia, for example, they are still rare in the produce sections of grocery stores in North America andEurope. Following export from its natural growing regions in Southeast Asia, the fresh fruit may be available seasonally in some local markets like those of Chinatowns.[1]
 
Mangosteens are available canned and frozen in Western countries. Without fumigation or irradiation (in order to kill the Asian fruit fly) fresh mangosteens were illegal to import into the United States until 2007.[18]Freeze-dried and dehydrated mangosteen flesh can also be found.
Upon arrival in the US in 2007, fresh mangosteens sold at up to $60 per pound in speciality produce stores in New York City, but wider availability and somewhat lower prices have become common in the United States and Canada.[2] Despite efforts described above to grow mangosteen in the Western Hemisphere, nearly the entire supply is imported from Thailand.[19] Canned mangosteens are also available in the United States for a much lower price, but much of the fruit's unique flavor is lost in the canning process.[citation needed]
 
Young fruit
Before ripening, the mangosteen shell is fibrous and firm, but becomes soft and easy to pry open when the fruit ripens. To open a mangosteen, the shell is usually scored first with a knife; one holds the fruit in both hands, prying gently along the score with the thumbs until the rind cracks. It is then easy to pull the halves apart along the crack and remove the fruit. Occasionally, during peeling of ripe fruits, the purple exocarp juice may stain skin or fabric.
There is a legend about Queen Victoria offering a reward of 100 pounds sterling to anyone who could deliver to her the fresh fruit.[1][9] Although this legend can be traced to a 1930 publication by the fruit explorer, David Fairchild, it is not substantiated by any known historical document, yet is probably responsible for the uncommon designation of mangosteen as the "Queen of Fruit".[9]
In his publication, "Hortus Veitchii", James Herbert Veitch says he visited Java in 1892, "to eat the Mangosteen. It is necessary to eat the Mangosteen grown within three or four degrees of latitude of the equator to realize at all the attractive and curious properties of this fruit."[20]
 
The journalist and gourmet R. W. Apple, Jr. once said of the fruit, "No other fruit, for me, is so thrillingly, intoxicatingly luscious...I'd rather eat one than a hot fudge sundae, which for a big Ohio boy is saying a lot."[21] Since 2006, private small volume orders for fruits grown in Puerto Rico were sold to American gourmet restaurants who serve the flesh segments as a delicacy dessert.[1]
 
Traditional medicine and research
Various parts of the plant have a history of use in traditional medicine, mostly in Southeast Asia; it may have been used to treat skin infections, wounds, dysentery, and urinary tract infections.[3][22]
According to the American Cancer Society, "there is no reliable evidence that mangosteen juice, puree, or bark is effective as a treatment for cancer in humans".[23]
 
Other uses
Mangosteen twigs have been used as chew sticks in Ghana, and the wood has been used to make spears and cabinetry inThailand. The rind of the mangosteen fruit has also been used to tan leather in China.
Peel phytochemicals
Mangosteen peel contains xanthonoids, such as mangostin, and other phytochemicals.[22] Research on the phytochemistry of the plant without human clinical study, however, is inadequate to assure the safety or efficacy of its use as a supplement.[22][24]
 
Marketing
Fresh mangosteen is marketed for only a short period of six to ten weeks due to its seasonal nature.[2][8] It is mainly grown by smallholders and sold at fruit stalls by roadsides. Its irregular, short supply leads to wide price fluctuations throughout its season. The price of mangosteen has also been subject to great fluctuations over the years.[1][25] Additionally, there is no standard product quality assessment or grading system, making international trade of the fruits difficult.[8] The mangosteen still remains rare in Western markets, though its popularity is increasing, and it is often sold at a high price.[2][26]
 
References
1. ^             to:a b c d e f g h i Karp, David (9 August 2006). "Forbidden? Not the Mangosteen". The New York Times. Retrieved22 May 2010.
2. ^             to:a b c d Karp, David (8 August 2007). "Mangosteens Arrive, but Be Prepared to Pay". The New York Times. Retrieved22 May 2010.
3. ^             to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Morton, Julia F. (1987). "Mangosteen". Fruits of warm climates. Purdue University. pp. 301–304. Retrieved 4 December2012.
4.            ^ Mabberley, D.J. 1997. The plant book: A portable dictionary of the vascular plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
5.            ^ "Garcinia mangostana (Clusiaceae)". Montoso Gardens. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
6.            ^ Huan Ma, Chengjun Feng, John Vivian Gottlieb Mills.Ying-yai Sheng-lan: 'The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores' (1433). p. 92. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
7.            ^ "Mangosteen". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved2 May 2015.
8. ^             to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r bin Osman, Mohamad (2006). Mangosteen Garcinia mangostana L. Southampton, UK: University of Southampton. ISBN 0854328173.
9. ^             to:a b c d e f g h i j k l Crown I (2014). "Science: Mangosteen information". Mangosteen.com. The mangosteen website.
10. ^             to:a b c d e f g Yaacob, Othman; Tindall, H.D. (1995).Mangosteen cultivation. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 92-5-103459-1.
11. ^             to:a b c d e f Diczbalis, Yan (2011). "Farm and Forestry Production and Marketing for Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana)". Elevitch C.R.
12.            ^ Paull, R.E.; Duarte, O. (2012). Mangosteen. Crop Production Science in Horticulture.
13. ^             to:a b Te-chato, Sompong; Lim, Mongkol (2005). "7.1 Garcinia mangostana Mangosteen". In Litz, R. E.Biotechnology of Fruit and Nut Crops. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.
14. ^             to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m Lim, T.-K.; Sangchote, S. (2003). "16 Diseases on Mangosteen". In Ploetz, R. C. Diseases of Tropical Fruit Crops. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.
15.            ^ Simon PW (26 May 1996). "Plant Pigments for Color and Nutrition". US Department of Agriculture, republished from HortScience 32(1):12-13, 1997.
16.            ^ MacLeod AJ, Pieris NM. Volatile flavour components of mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana" Phytochemistry 21:117–9, 1982
17.            ^ NutritionData.com (2012). "Mangosteen, canned, syrup pack, per 100 g". Conde Nast. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
18.            ^ Karp, David (27 June 2007). "Welcome at the Border: Thai Fruits, Once Banned". The New York Times. Retrieved22 May 2010.
19.            ^ "Market Potential for Mangosteen and Salaaca" (PDF). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
20.            ^ Veitch, James Herbert (2006). Hortus Veitchii. Caradoc Doy. p. 89. ISBN 0-9553515-0-2.
21.            ^ Apple, R. W. (24 Sep 2003). "Forbidden Fruit: Something About A Mangosteen". New York Times. Retrieved13 June 2012.
22. ^             to:a b c Obolskiy, Dmitriy; Pischel, Ivo; Siriwatanametanon, Nisarat; Heinrich, Michael (2009). "Garcinia mangostanaL.: A phytochemical and pharmacological review". Phytotherapy Research 23 (8): 1047–65. doi:10.1002/ptr.2730.PMID 19172667.
23.            ^ "Mangosteen Juice". American Cancer Society. November 2008. Retrieved August 2013.
24.            ^ Gross P, Crown I (2009). "The Mangosteen Controversy". Engredea (May 21, 2009). Retrieved4 January 2010.
25.            ^ "Mangosteen price too low: farmers". The Nation. 31 July 2007. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
26.            ^ Temple-West, Patrick (5 March 2008). "Tropical sweetness: harnessing the elusive mangosteen". Medill Reports. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
[sourc - retrieved from  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_mangosteen   on  10/15/2015]
 
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to  www.jw.org].
 
To view this plant, go to, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_mangosteen  
 
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