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Re: Scripture of the Day
COMBINATION OF [1] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [2] TRUE CHRISTIANITY IS ALL ABOUT LOVE
[1] SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY [VOL. 908A]
For bodily exercise profiteth little: but godliness is profitable unto all things, having promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to come. 9 This is a faithful saying and worthy of all acceptation. 1 Timothy 4:8 – 9, [authorized King James Bible; AV]
Yes bodily exercise is good, but exercising godliness brings rewards from our Creator, Almighty God (YHWH). This is clearly shown by 1 Timothy 6:12, [AV] “Fight the good fight of faith, lay hold on eternal life, whereunto thou art also called, and hast professed a good profession before many witnesses.”
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[2] TRUE CHRISTIANITY IS ALL ABOUT LOVE
True Christianity is all about love, 1 st. love for the Creator, Jehovah God, and second love for one's fellow man. You can not love God whom you can not see if you do not at first love your fellow man whom you can see. When Jesus Christ was asked what is the greatest commandment, he answered, “Master, which is the great commandment in the law? 37 Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. 38 This is the first and great commandment. 39 And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. 40 On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.” (Matthew 22:36-40 AV). The Holy Bible plainly shows we should not judge our neighbors, but love them. This does not mean loving their sin. Matthew 7:1-2, states, "Stop judging that you may not be judged; for with what judgment you are judging, you will be judged," and Romans 14:4, 10-13, "Who are you to judge the house servant of another? To his own master he stands or falls. Indeed, he will be made to stand, for God can make him stand. But why do you judge your brother? For we shall all stand before the judgment seat of God... Therefore let us not be judging one another any longer," this plainly shows no true Christian should be executing judgment on anyone with respect sin. In fact this would be a usurping of God's exclusive right, i.e., blaspheme, Matthew 25:31-32 states, "When the Son of man arrives in his glory, and all the angels with him, then he will sit down on his glorious throne. And all the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate people one from another, just as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats." Second, we should be loving our neighbors and attempting to get them to turn away from sin, not judging, hurting, or killing them in violation of God's law. Luke 10:27 states, "....You shall love the Lord, your God, with all your heart, with all your being, with all your strength, and with all your mind, and your neighbor as yourself." Matthew 5:21-22 clearly states this devine principle, "....'You must not murder; but whoever commits a murder will be accountable to the court of justice.' However, I say to you that everyone who continues wrathful with his brother (neighbor) will be accountable to the court of justice; but whoever addresses his brother with an unspeakable word of contempt will be accountable to the Supreme Court (God's court, not the Supreme Court of the US); whereas whoever says, 'You despicable fool! will be liable to the fiery Gehenna. (often mistranslated as hell)." Third, We should be helping our neighbor not harming him/her in one way or another. Now a question, why do many individuals seek to run others down or harm them when they are not endangering them? Please do a little Biblical research and see if you can uncover the root cause. If you would like, I could assist you in finding a qualified individual to study the Bible with you one-on-one at your home or do so my self by email, you can contact me at iris89@uymail.com or iris89@cheerful.com.
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Re: Scripture of the Day
COMBINATION OF [1] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [2] UNITARIANS AND THE TRINITY
[1] SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY [VOL. 909A]
Marvel not at this: for the hour is coming, in the which all that are in the graves shall hear his voice, John 5:28, [authorized King James Bible; AV]
Yes, at this time Almighty God (YHWH) will give us marvelous gifts. These gifts will motivate us to do the following:
1 – To imitate Jesus (Yeshua) Christ as closely as we can.
2 – To love our fellow believers,
3 – To be forgiving of others from the heart.
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Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to WWW.JW.ORG!
[2] UNITARIANS AND THE TRINITY
Here is an interesting tid-bit on history and the Unitarians that should interest all:
Here is an interesting excerpt from the book An American Bible-A History of the Good Book in the United States 1770-1880 by Paul C. Gutjahr: Kneeland would be the first of six translators with Unitarian leanings who produced nearly a third of all new bible translations published in the United States before 1880.
More than any other single religious tradition, Unitarianism was marked by a deep interest in new English translations of the Scriptures throughout the nineteenth century. Driving this interest in new English translations was the Unitarian desire to restore the Scriptures to their "primitive integrity"-their most pure, original, and accurate form." Unitarians believed that creeds had distorted the true meaning of the Bible. Centuries of Christianity had led Protestants to read the Bible in the theologically disfiguring context of creeds. Unitarians argued that these creeds (and teaching rooted in them) had greatly distorted both the message and the English translation of the Bible. For Unitarians, the most blatant example of Christian creedal corruption came in the doctrine of the Trinity.
Encapsulating the central problem with this doctrine, one Unitarian wrote "the word TRINITY is not to be found in the New Testament, and that it was invented by Tertullian, is a matter of little consequence; but that the doctrine itself should be nowhere stated in the New Testament, we conceive to be a matter of very great consequence." "Both the word and the doctrine were inventions of minds at least three centuries distant from the time of Christ. The weight of tradition and church history meant nothing to Unitarians in the face of biblical evidence that showed that the Christian belief in the Trinity was nothing more than a "modern doctrine" that had no precedent in ancient Christianity."
One of the ways Unitarians chose to discredit Trinitarian doctrine involved attacking the accuracy of the biblical texts upon which the doctrine was based. Unitarians set out to prove not only that was there "no such word as Trinity in the Bible, from beginning to end," but that all verses even hinting at such a doctrine could not be found in the most ancient manuscripts of Scripture. Unitarians argued the authenticity of verses such as I John 5:8, which reads: "For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost; and these three are one." Unitarians claimed such verses were "spurious" texts found in "no part of the original Epistle of John." They argued that all verses showing an affinity to the doctrine of the Trinity were later additions to the most ancient biblical manuscripts. Ancient texts gave no hint of the doctrine of the Trinity. The Unitarians could forcefully mount this kind of attack because of the unusually high degree of education they could bring to bear on the argument. A number of the early Unitarian bible translators not only came from Harvard Divinity School, but also held teaching positions there. Such Unitarian luminaries as Andrews Norton, John Gorham Palfrey, and George Noyes all produced English translations of at least portions of the Bible. When they questioned the accuracy of the scriptural text, they backed up their claims with arguments stemming from their specialized theological and linguistic training.
This high level of education, coupled with the conviction that the Scriptures had been disfigured by the very scribes who had been responsible for the preservation and transmission of the Scriptures, provided the foundation for a massive Unitarian effort to purge the Bible's text of all its impurities. Preceding the more scholarly translation work of Palfrey, Noyes, and Norton, Abner Kneeland stepped forward as the first American translator with Unitarian sympathies to introduce a "purer" biblical text to the United States. American editions of new Scripture translations by British Unitarians such as Thomas Belsham and Gilbert Wakefield had come to the United States as early as 18og, but these editions did nothing to deter Kneeland, who envisioned a better way to communicate the pure and accurate nature of his translation." pp. 95, 96 An American Bible-A History of the Good Book in the United States 1770-1880 by Paul C. Gutjahr See
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Re: Scripture of the Day
COMBINATION OF [1] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [2] USEFUL ON THE ARCHANGEL, FOOD FOR THOUGHT – PART 1
[1] SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY [VOL. 910A]
For the love of Christ constraineth us; because we thus judge, that if one died for all, then were all dead: 15 And that he died for all, that they which live should not henceforth live unto themselves, but unto him which died for them, and rose again. 2 Corinthians 5:14 – 15, [authorized King James Bible; AV]
Yes, love for Almighty God (YHWH) will motivate us to imitate Jesus’, and to try to imitate his ways as closely as possible. As 1 Peter 2:21, [AV] says, “For even hereunto were ye called: because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that ye should follow his steps:” Also, 1 John 2:6, [AV] says, “He that saith he abideth in him ought himself also so to walk, even as he walked.”
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Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to WWW.JW.ORG!
[2] USEFUL ON THE ARCHANGEL, FOOD FOR THOUGHT -0 PART 1 [PART 2 IS VOL 911A]
The following is not my original research but that of others, put together. There is much more that could be presented but this might be a start on the subject here. I've read other postings that explore this topic from additional points of thought. Many of us view Jesus Christ as the same person as Michael the Archangel. Conversely many do not. I know that on more than one occasion I've been asked to produce one scripture that places Jesus Christ in the class of being an Angel. I once used Galatians 4: 14: " And what was a trial to YOU in my flesh, YOU did not treat with contempt or spit at in disgust; but YOU received me like an angel of God, like Christ Jesus". (NWT, see also NASV also RSV among others).
Now I look up the word/term "Angel" in one Reference work and I read:
" Both the Hebrew mal-'akh' and the Greek ag'ge-los literally mean "messenger." From the first book of the Bible to the last, these words occur nearly 400 times. When spirit messengers are indicated, the words are translated "angels", but if the reference definitely is to human creatures, the rendering is "messengers". (Genesis 16:7; 32:3; James 2:25; Revelation 22:8; see Messenger.) However, in the highly symbolic book of Revelation certain references to 'angels' may apply to human creatures. -Revelation 2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3: 1, 7, 14.
Angels are sometimes termed spirits; that which is spirit is invisible and powerful. Thus we read: "A spirit came out and stood before Jehovah"; "Are they not all spirits for public service?" (1 Kings 22:21; Hebrews 1:14) Having invisible spiritual bodies, they make their abode "in the heavens." (Mark 12:25; 1 Corinthians 15:44, 50) They are also termed "sons of the true God," "morning stars, " and "holy myriads" (or "holy ones").- Job 1:6; 2:1; 38:7; Deuteronomy 33:2." "Insight On The Scriptures", Volume 1, page 106.
From the above I can personally grasp the concept that Jesus is an Angel. Actually the Archangel referred to in Scripture.
Those who disagree often will quote Daniel 10:13 where Michael is referred to as "one of the foremost princes"..the view being that Michael is one of several Archangels, therefore not Jesus Christ, (and some will compare Hebrews 2: 5: "For it is not to angels that he has subjected the inhabited earth to come, about which we are speaking".
How would the members of this board view the scriptural views of those who believe Christ Jesus is also Michael (one and the same) in contrast to why some disagree with this view?
ON: THE SON OF GOD BEING MICHAEL THE ARCHANGEL
The following are taken from various sources:
The two passages in the New Testament, in which Michael is mentioned, serve to confirm the result already arrived at. That the Michael referred to in Rev. xii. 7 is no other than the Logos, has already been proved in my commentary upon that passage. Hofmann (Schriftbeweis i., p. 296) objects to this explanation, and says, 'in this case it is impossible to imagine why the Archangel should be mentioned as fighting with the dragon, and not the child that was caught up to the throne of God.' But we have already replied to this in the commentary, where we said, 'if Michael be Christ, the question arises why Michael is mentioned here instead of Christ'. The answer to this is, that the name Michael [Who is like God?, that is, 'Who dares to claim that they are like God?'] contains in itself an intimation that the work referred to here, the decisive victory over Satan, belongs to Christ, not as human, but rather as divine [compare 1 John iii. 8]. Moreover, this name forms a connecting link between the Old Testament and the New. Even in the Old Testament, Michael is represented as the great prince, who fights on behalf of the Church (Dan. xii. 1).' The conflict there alluded to was a prediction and prelude of the one mentioned hero. The further objections offered by Hofmann rest upon his very remarkable interpretation of chap. xii., which is not likely to be adopted by any who are capable of examining for themselves."-Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg, Christology of the Old Testament and a Commentary on the Messianic Predictions, 1836-9, Vol. IV, pp. 304-5 (in the T. & T. Clark publication; p. 269 in the Kregel publication).
Paul says, 'For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God" and the dead in Christ will rise first.' I Thes. iv. 16. From this text it appears that when the Lord shall descend with a shout, his voice will be that of the Archangel, or head Messenger; therefore the Lord must be that head Messenger. This text says the dead shall rise at the voice of the Archangel; and Christ affirms that the dead shall be raised by his voice. He says, "Verily, verily, I say unto you, the hour is coming, and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God, and they that hear shall live. Marvel not at this: for the hour is coming, in which all that are in the graves shall hear his voice, and shall come forth; they that have done good unto the resurrection of life, and they that have done evil, unto the resurrection of damnation." John v. 26, 28, 29.
I am not alone in this opinion; most of the principal writers of the Trinitarian school have advocated the same doctrine. Brown's dictionary of the Bible on the words Michael, and Angel says, that both these words do sometimes refer to Christ; and also affirms that Christ is the Archangel. Wood's Spiritual Dic- tionary teaches nearly, if not exactly, the same on this subject that Brown's does. The former was a Calvinist, the latter a Methodist. Buck in his Theological Dictionary says, under the article Angel, d) that Christ is in scripture frequently called an Angel.[1] Butterworth, Cruden, and Taylor in their concordances, assert that Michael and Angel are both names of Christ. Doc- tor Coke, a Methodist bishop, in his notes on the Bible, acknowledges that Christ is sometimes called an Angel. See his notes of that passage where the Angel of the Lord spake to the people at Bochim. Winchester has taught the same doctrine in the 152 page of the first volume of his lectures on t he prophecies. Whitefield, in his sermon on the bush that burnt and was not consumed, says that the Angel that appeared to Moses in the bush was Christ. Pool, in his Annotations, explains those passages where the Lord appeared to the Patriarchs under the character of an Angel, as referring to Jesus Christ. Bunyan makes the pilgrim ascribe his deliverance from Apollyon to Michael. He says, "Blessed Michael helped me." Pilgrim's Progress, Cincinnati edition, page 54. Guyse in his Paraphrase on the New Testament, on Rev. xii. 7, acknowledges that many good expositors think that Christ is signified by Michael; and also gives it as his opinion.
Doctor Watts in his [G]lories of Christ, page[s] 200, 201, 202, 218, 223, and 224, teaches the same doctrine. Watts, Dodridge and some others have called this Angel of the covenant, or Angel of God's presence Christ's human soul, whom they think was the first Being that God ever created. I agree with them that Christ is the first Being that God created, but I cannot see the propriety of calling the pre-existent Christ a human soul, seeing he did not descend from humans but existed before the human family was created.
Thomas Scott, in his notes on the Bible, says the Angel that appeared to Hagar when she fled from her mistress, one of the three Angels that appeared to Abraham in the plains of Mamre, the Angel that appeared to Moses in the bush, and the Angel that spoke to the Jews at Bochim, was Jesus Christ: and also asserts that Michael the Archangel is Jesus Christ. See Gen. xvi. 9, 10. Chap. xviii throughout. Exod. iii. 2-7. Judg. ii. 1-5, Dan x. 13, 21. Chap. xii. 1, Rev. xii. 7.
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Re: Scripture of the Day
COMBINATION OF [1] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [2] USEFUL ON THE ARCHANGEL, FOOD FOR THOUGHT – PART 2
[1] SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY [VOL. 911A]
And Jephthah vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said, If thou shalt without fail deliver the children of Ammon into mine hands, 31 Then it shall be, that whatsoever cometh forth of the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the children of Ammon, shall surely be the LORD’S, and I will offer it up for a burnt offering. Judges 11:30 – 31, [authorized King James Bible; AV]
He won the battle against Amon, and at Judges 11:35 - , [AV] “So Jephthah passed over unto the children of Ammon to fight against them; and the LORD delivered them into his hands. 33 And he smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith, even twenty cities, and unto the plain of the vineyards, with a very great slaughter. Thus the children of Ammon were subdued before the children of Israel. 34 And Jephthah came to Mizpeh unto his house, and, behold, his daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and with dances: and she was his only child; beside her he had neither son nor daughter. 35 And it came to pass, when he saw her, that he rent his clothes, and said, Alas, my daughter! thou hast brought me very low, and thou art one of them that trouble me: for I have opened my mouth unto the LORD, and I cannot go back. 36 And she said unto him, My father, if thou hast opened thy mouth unto the LORD, do to me according to that which hath proceeded out of thy mouth; forasmuch as the LORD hath taken vengeance for thee of thine enemies, even of the children of Ammon.”
Two months after this, his daughter was brought to Shiloh to serve Almighty God (YHWH) for the rest of her life in keeping with her father’s vows.
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[2] USEFUL ON THE ARCHANGEL, FOOD FOR THOUGHT - PART 2 [PART 1 IS VOL 910A]
I could mention many other writers who have advocated this doctrine, but these are sufficient to prove that it has long been believed among the most eminent Trinitarians. I forbear to quote the words of all these authors on the subject, because it would swell this work unnecessarily; and as those books are very common, the reader can examine them for himself.
_________________________________
1 At Isaiah 9:6 LXX, the future Christ is called "the Messenger [a!ggelo" "angel"] of great counsel".
Little did many of these great and good men think that when they were teaching that Christ is an Angel, that he is the Angel of the covenant, the Angel of God's presence, and Michael and Archangel, they were thereby undermining Trinitarianism; yet they actually were, because, if he was the Angel of God, and as Moses says, the Angel that God sent to bring the Jews out of Egypt, he cannot be God in the highest sense of the word.
As the text which says Melchisedec was the Priest of the most high God, proves that Melchisedec was not the most high God, so the passages which say Christ is the Angel of God, prove that he cannot be that God, whose Angel or Messenger he is. [Christ is called "apostle and high priest". (Hebrews 3:1) This shows he is serving someone above him!]
I have heard but two texts of scripture brought to disprove this doctrine. One is, for verily he took not on him the nature of Angels; but he took on him the Seed of Abraham. Heb. ii. 16. As the word nature in this text is wanting in the Greek, it proves nothing about the nature of Christ. In fact the word Angel simply signifies a messenger, and never denoted nature, but is always significant of office. Every messenger that ever existed in heaven, earth or hell, was an Angel. Christ is called a "Messenger that I sent?" also, Mal. iii. 1, 2. [When the Son came to earth he took on himself human nature, he no longer had spiritual nature. He "emptied himself"!-Philippians 2:7.]
The other text that I have heard urged to prove that Christ never was an Angel, is Heb. i. 5. "For unto which of the Angels said he at any time, thou are my Son, this day have I begotten the." Although this text abundantly proves that Christ is exalted above all other Messengers, it by no means proves that he never was a Messenger himself. If I should say of General Washington that he was made superior to all the officers of the Revolutionary army for to which of the officers said Congress at any time, thou shalt be commander-in-chief, and again when they brought him into the army, they said, let all the of officers obey him, and of the of officers it is said that the government gave them commissions and appointed them wages, but to Washington it said, thou hast loved thy country, and hated treachery, therefore the government, even thy government, hath exalted thee to honor and office, above they fellows; such conversation would go just about as far to prove that I thought Washington never was an officer in the army of the Revolution, as the first chapter of Hebrews goes to prove that Christ never was a Messenger of God. In fact the above text taken in its connexion [connection] goes rather to prove, then to disprove, that he is one of God's Angels, or Messengers, because the writer, after speaking of him in connexion with the Angels several times, finally asserts that he was anointed with the oil of gladness above his fellows, by which he must mean his fellow messengers, for there are no others mentioned in this connexion.
The drift of the writer in the first chapter of Hebrews, was not to show that Christ was no Messenger, but to show that he was made greater than all the Messengers of God: therefore, when the above text is brought to prove that Christ never was an Angel, that is, a Messenger of God it is pressed into a service for which it was never designed by the writer."-William Kinkade, The Bible Doctrine of God, Jesus Christ, The Holy Spirit, Atonement, Faith, and Election; New York: H. R. Piercy, 1829, pp. 152-5, a copy to be found in the library of Harvard University.
The earlier Protestant scholars usually identified Michael with the preincarnate Christ, finding support for their view, not only in the juxtaposition of the 'child' and the archangel in Rev 12, but also in the attributes ascribed to him in Dnl (for a full discussion see Hengstenberg, Offenbarung, I, 611-22, and an interesting survey in English by Dr. Douglas in Fairbairn's B[ible]. D[ictionary]. John A. Lees, The International Stand- ard Bible Encyclopedia, 1930, Vol. III, p. 2048.
The only holy angel other than Gabriel named in the Bible, and the only one called "archangel". (Jude 9) The first occurrence of the name is in the tenth chapter of Daniel, where Michael is described as "one of the foremost princes" that came to the aid of a lesser angel who was opposed by the "prince of the royal realm of Persia." Michael was called "the prince of [Daniel's] people." (Dan. 10:13, 20, 21; 12:1) ["the great prince", Daniel 12:1] This points to Michael as the angel who led the Israelites through the wilderness. (Ex. 23:20, 21, 23; 32:34; 33:2) Lending support to this conclusion is the fact that "Michael the archangel had a difference with the Devil and was disputing about Moses' body." Jude 9.
Scriptural evidence indicates that the name Michael applied to God's Son before he left heaven to become Jesus Christ and also after his return. Michael is the only one said to be the "archangel," meaning 'chief angel' of 'principal angel'. The term occurs in the Bible only in the singular. This seems to imply that there is but one whom God has designated chief or head of the angelic host. At 1 Thessalonians 4:16 the voice of the resurrected Lord Jesus Christ is described as being that of an archangel, suggesting that he is in fact, himself the archangel. This text depicts him as descending from heaven with a "commanding call." It is only logical, therefore, that the voice expressing this commanding call be described by a word that would not diminish or detract from the great authority that Christ Jesus now has as King of kings and Lord of lords. (Matt. 28:18; Rev. 17:14) If the designation "archangel" applied not to Jesus Christ, but to other an gels, then the reference to an "archangel's voice" would not be appropriate. In that case it would be describing a voice of lesser authority than that of the Son of God.
There are also other correspondences establishing that Michael is actually the Son of God. Daniel, after making the first references to Michael (Da 10:13), recorded a prophecy reaching down to "the time of the end" (Da 11:40), and then stated: "And during that time Michael will stand up, the prince who is standing in behalf of the sons of [Daniel's] people. (Da 12:1) Michael's 'standing up' was to be associated with "a time of distress such as has not been made to occur since there came to be a nation until that time." (Da 12:1) In Daniels's prophecy, 'standing up' frequently refers to the action of a king, either taking up his royal power or acting effectively in his capacity as king. (Da 11:2-4, 7, 16b, 20, 21) This supports the conclusion that Michael is Jesus Christ, since Jesus is Jehovah's appointed King, commissioned to destroy all the nations at Har-Magedon.-Re 11:15; 16:14-16.
The book of Revelation 12:7, 10, 12 mentions Michael in connection with the establishment of God's kingdom and links this event with trouble for the earth: "And war broke out in heaven: Michael and his angels battled with the dragon, and the dragon and its angels battled. And I heard a loud voice in heaven say: "Now have come to pass the salvation and the power and the kingdom of our God and the authority of his Christ, because the accuser of our brothers has been hurled down....On this account be glad, you heavens and you who reside in them! Woe for the earth and for the sea." Jesus Christ is later depicted as leading the heavenly armies in war against the nations of the earth. (Rev. 19:11-16) This would mean a period of distress for them, which would logically be included in the "time of distress" that is associated with Michael's standing up. (Da 12:1) Since the Son of God is to fight the nations, it is only reasonable that he was the one who with his angels earlier battled against the superhuman dragon, Satan the Devil, and his angels."-Insight On The Scriptures, Brooklyn, New York, Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York Inc., 1988, Vol. 2, pp. 393-4.
As a man with a tenor voice is identified as a tenor, and a man with a bass voice is identified as a bass; why would it be strange for a person with 'an archangel's voice' to be identified as the Archangel Michael? Who is said to have the archangel's voice in Scripture? None other than Jesus Christ. At 1 Thessalonians the phrase "the voice of an archangel" (literally, "the voice of archangel") the "an" in English renderings, does not suggest that there are a group with such voices and Christ is one of them; any more that saying of a great operatic tenor: "He has the voice of a Caruso." There was only one Enrico Caruso. What is being described is the type of voiced possessed by the one described as 'having a voice of a Caruso.'
ANCIENT TESTIMONIES
Clement of Alexandria, 153-193-217 C.E.:
Formerly the older people [the Israelites] had an old covenant, and the law disciplined the people with fear, and the Word was an angel; but the fresh and new people [the Christians] has also been given a new covenant, and the Word has appeared, and fear turned into love, and that mystic angel is born-Jesus.-The Instructor, Book I, chapter VII (7); ANF, Vol. II, p. 224.
Hippolytus, 170-236 C.E.:
"And lo, Michael." and Who is Michael but the angel assigned to the people? As (God) says to Moses. "I will not go with you in the way, because the people are stiff-necked; but my angel shall go with you.-Scholia On Daniel, 13; ANF, Vol. V (5), p. 190. (Compare, Exodus 14:19; 23:20, 3; 32:34; 1 Corinthians 10:4; Insight On The Scriptures, Volume 2, p. 816, paragraph 9.)
Melito, 160-170-177 C.E.: (estimated dates of composition):
He who in the law is the Law; among the priests, Chief Priest; among kings, the Ruler; among prophets, the Prophet; among the angels, Archangel; in the voice of the preacher, the Word; among spirits, the Spirit; in the Father, the Son; in God, God; King for ever and ever. (bold italics added)-On Faith; ANF, Vol. VIII (8), pp. 756-7.
MORE RECENT TESTIMONIES:
MI'CHAEL [who is like unto god?] 1. The name of a super-human being, Da. x.13, 21; xii.1; Jude 9; Re. xii.7, in regard to whom there have in general been two rival opinions, either that he is the Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, or that he is one of the so-called seven archangels. We hold the former opinion, and very much on the grounds stated by older writers, and repeated by Hengstenberg in his Commentary on Revelation and his Christology.
But we have not only this, that Michael is here [Daniel 12:1], not "one of the chief princes," nor even "the first of them;" but "the chief prince," because no other prince is worthy to be named in the same breath with him; as in fact he is that unlimited and everlasting ruler of whom the whole book of Daniel prophesies, at the coming of whose kingdom all its rivals were swept away, and no place was found for them.
A dispassionate consideration can scarcely fail to convince us that this being whom Daniel saw is the Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God....There is nothing strange and unprecedented in the view that this prince of his people, this great prince, this effective helper superior to men and angels even when he stood alone, should be a person about whom three was indeed a great mystery in the Old Testament, but who had been known throughout the whole course of revelation to Daniel's people, as standing in some very close relation at once to Jehovah and to them.
To deny that the Angel of the Lord is the Son of God is to introduce confusion into the whole of the record of God's dealings with his ancient people; if, on the contrary, we affirm their identity, when the supposition that he and Michael are one and the same is the simplest and most natural imaginable, as will appear all the more if we attempt to construct a different theory.-Fairbairn's IMPERIAL STANDARD Bible Encyclopedia, Patrick Fairbairn, D.D., editor, Grand Rapids, Zondervan Publishing, 1957, Volume Four, pp. 238, 239; (originally published as The Imperial Bible Dictionary, 1891).
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Re: Scripture of the Day
COMBINATION OF [1] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [2] THE RARE FRUIT OR VEGETABLE - Dimocarpus malesiana - Mata Kucing Longan
[1] SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY [VOL. 912A]
Knowing this, that the trying of your faith worketh patience. 4 But let patience have her perfect work, that ye may be perfect and entire, wanting nothing. James 1:3 – 4, [authorized King James Bible; AV]
This was shown by Judge Gideon who chased the Midianite army which was far larger than his own as recorded at Judges 7:16 - 25, [AV] “And he divided the three hundred men into three companies, and he put a trumpet in every man’s hand, with empty pitchers, and lamps within the pitchers. 17 And he said unto them, Look on me, and do likewise: and, behold, when I come to the outside of the camp, it shall be that, as I do, so shall ye do. 18 When I blow with a trumpet, I and all that are with me, then blow ye the trumpets also on every side of all the camp, and say, The sword of the LORD, and of Gideon. 19 So Gideon, and the hundred men that were with him, came unto the outside of the camp in the beginning of the middle watch; and they had but newly set the watch: and they blew the trumpets, and brake the pitchers that were in their hands. 20 And the three companies blew the trumpets, and brake the pitchers, and held the lamps in their left hands, and the trumpets in their right hands to blow withal: and they cried, The sword of the LORD, and of Gideon. 21 And they stood every man in his place round about the camp: and all the host ran, and cried, and fled. 22 And the three hundred blew the trumpets, and the LORD set every man’s sword against his fellow, even throughout all the host: and the host fled to Bethshittah in Zererath, and to the border of Abelmeholah, unto Tabbath. 23 And the men of Israel gathered themselves together out of Naphtali, and out of Asher, and out of all Manasseh, and pursued after the Midianites. 24 And Gideon sent messengers throughout all mount Ephraim, saying, Come down against the Midianites, and take before them the waters unto Bethbarah and Jordan. Then all the men of Ephraim gathered themselves together, and took the waters unto Bethbarah and Jordan. 25 And they took two princes of the Midianites, Oreb and Zeeb; and they slew Oreb upon the rock Oreb, and Zeeb they slew at the winepress of Zeeb, and pursued Midian, and brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon on the other side Jordan.” So Judge Gidion exercised patience and followed God’s instructions exactly and won a great victory.
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[2] Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Dimocarpus malesiana - Mata Kucing Longan.
A very close, wild relative of the longan bearing somewhat spiky fruits having translucent, sweet flesh. The fruits look a bit like a longan combined with a lychee. Cultural requirements and growth habit is similar to the standard longan. ?[SOURCE - RETRIVED FROM ON 5/24/2018]
GENERAL ON LONGANS:
Dimocarpus longan, commonly known as the longan (UK: /?l????n/; US: /?l?????n/, /?l?????n/), is a tropical tree that produces edible fruit. It is one of the better-known tropical members of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), to which the lychee also belongs. Included in the soapberry family are the lychee, rambutan, guarana, korlan, pitomba, Genip and ackee. Longan is commonly associated with lychee, which is similar in structure but more aromatic in taste.[3] It is native to Southern Asia.[4]
The longan (from Cantonese lùhng-ngáahn ??, literally "dragon eye"), is so named because it resembles an eyeball when its fruit is shelled (the black seed shows through the translucent flesh like a pupil/iris). The seed is small, round and hard, and of an enamel-like, lacquered black. The fully ripened, freshly harvested fruit has a bark-like shell, thin, and firm, making the fruit easy to peel by squeezing the pulp out as if one is "cracking" a sunflower seed. When the shell has more moisture content and is more tender, the fruit becomes less convenient to shell. The tenderness of the shell varies due to either premature harvest, variety, weather conditions, or transport/storage conditions.
Tree description
Depending upon climate and soil type the tree may grow to over 100 feet (30 m)[5] in height, but it typically stands 30–40 ft (9–12 m) in height[6] and the crown is round.[7] The trunk is 2.5 ft (0.8 m) thick[6] with corky bark.[7] The branches are long and thick, typically drooping.[6]
The leaves are oblong and blunt-tipped, usually 4–8 inches (10–20 cm) long and 2 in (5 cm) wide.[6] The leaves are pinnately compounded and alternate.[7] There are 6 to 9 pairs of leaflets per leaf[7] and the upper surface is wavy and a dark, glossy-green.[6]
The Longan tree produces light-yellow inflorescences located at the end of branches.[6] The inflorescence is commonly called a panicle and are 4–18 in (10–46 cm) long, and widely branched.[7] The small flowers have 5 to 6 sepals and petals that are brownish-yellow.[7] The flower has a two-lobed pistil and 8 stamen. There are three flower types, distributed throughout the panicle;[6] staminate (functionally male), pistillate (functionally female), and hermaphroditic flowers.[7] Flowering occurs as a progression.[7]
The fruit hangs in drooping clusters that are circular and about 1 in (2.5 cm) wide. The peel is tan, thin, and leathery with tiny hairs.[7] The flesh is translucent, and the seed is large and black with a circular white spot at the base.[6][7] This gives the illusion of an eye.[6] The flesh has a musky, sweet taste, which can be compared to the flavor of lychee fruit.[6]
The Longan tree is somewhat sensitive to frost. Longan trees prefer sandy soil. While the species prefers temperatures that do not typically fall below 4.5 °C (40 °F), it can withstand brief temperature drops to about ?2 °C (28 °F).[8] Longans usually bear fruit slightly later than lychees.
Video of longan being peeled and eaten.
The wild longan population have been decimated considerably by large-scale loggings in the past, and the species used to be listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. If left alone, longan tree stumps will resprout and the listing was upgraded to Near Threatened in 1998. Recent field data are inadequate for a contemporary IUCN assessment.[1] ?[SOURCE - RETRIVED FROM ON 5 /24/2018]
Pictures of the fruit at
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
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Re: Scripture of the Day
COMBINATION OF [1] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [2] ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS SOME HAVE ASKED ABOUT WOMEN AS MINISTERS, IN BRIEF
[1] SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY [VOL. 913A]
from whom all the body fitly framed and knit together through that which every joint supplieth, according to the working in due measure of each several part, maketh the increase of the body unto the building up of itself in love. Ephesians 4:16, [American Standard Version: AVS]
Yes, unity of purpose is necessary for all genuine followers of Almighty God (YHWH) and His son, Jesus (yeshua) as clearly shown at Proverbs 8:22 - 31, [ASV] “Jehovah possessed me in the beginning of his way, Before his works of old. 23 I was set up from everlasting, from the beginning, Before the earth was. 24 When there were no depths, I was brought forth, When there were no fountains abounding with water. 25 Before the mountains were settled, Before the hills was I brought forth; 26 While as yet he had not made the earth, nor the fields, Nor the beginning of the dust of the world. 27 When he established the heavens, I was there: When he set a circle upon the face of the deep, 28 When he made firm the skies above, When the fountains of the deep became strong, 29 When he gave to the sea its bound, That the waters should not transgress his commandment, When he marked out the foundations of the earth; 30 Then I was by him, as a master workman; And I was daily his delight, Rejoicing always before him, 31 Rejoicing in his habitable earth; And my delight was with the sons of men.” Jesus (Yeshua) as the first of creation became his Father’s master worker in creating all else clearly showing working together is cooperation and unity of purpose empowers all endeavors to come to completion.
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[2] ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS SOME HAVE ASKED ABOUT WOMEN AS MINISTERS, IN BRIEF
First, 1 Timothy 2:12 refers to women exercising authority over men in a Christian congregation, i.e., being ministers, priest, bishops, or rabbis. Do a little research!
Second, The Bible clearly shows women may make known God's prophetic word.
Romans 16:1 "I recommend to you Phoebe our sister, who is a minister of the congregation that is in Cenchreae."
Acts 21:9, "This man had four daughters, virgins, that prophesied."
Acts 2:17-18, "In the lasd days, God says, 'I shall pour out some of my spirit upon every sort of flesh, and your sons and your daughters will prophesy and your young men well see visions and your old men will dream dreams; and even upon my men slaves and upon my women slaves I will pour out some of my spirit in those days, and they will prophesy.'"
Psalms 68:11, Jehovah himself gives the saying; The women telling the good news are a large army."
Psalms 148:12-13, Young men and women too, old and young alike, Let them all praise the Lord's name for his name alone is exalted, majestic above earth and heavens."
Titus 2:3, "Similarly, older women should be reverent in their behavior, not slanderers, not addicted to drink, teaching what is good."
Philippians 4:3, "Yes, I request you too, genuine yokefellow, keep assisting these women who have fought side by side with me in the good news along with Clement as well as the rest of my fellow workers, whose names are in the book of life."
Third, No true Christian stop bearing witness to the Christ as the command at 2 Timothy 4:2 plainly says, "proclaim the word (of God); be persistent whether it is convenient or inconvenient; convince, reprimand, encourage through all patience and teaching."
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Re: Scripture of the Day
COMBINATION OF [1] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [2] ANSWERS GIVEN ON USE OF FOUL LANGUAGE ON THE INTERNET
[1] SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY [VOL. 914A]
Now there are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit. 5 And there are differences of administrations, but the same Lord. 6 And there are diversities of operations, but it is the same God which worketh all in all. 1 Corinthians 12:4 – 6, [authorized King James Bible; AV]
All have different gifts and/or talents but all should work toward a common cause; to wit, the furthering of the Creator’s purpose for all to know h is will and to work toward letting all have the opportunity of learning it and following it. Yes as 1 Corinthians 12:12 statesa, [AV] “For as the body is one, and hath many members, and all the members of that one body, being many, are one body: so also is Christ.” It is necessary to learn His purpose and as Matthew 24:14 says, [AV] “And this gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in all the world for a witness unto all nations; and then shall the end come.”
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[2] ANSWERS GIVEN ON USE OF FOUL LANGUAGE ON THE INTERNET
You are correct, there is no need for foul language anywhere and especially on the Internet. In fact the Apostle Luke wrote (Luke 19:22), "...Out of your own mouth, I judge you, wicked slave....," and at (Luke 6:45), "A good man brings forth good out of the good treasure of his heart, but a wicked man brings forth what is wicked out of his wicked mouth; for out of the heart's abundance his mouth speaks."
First, there is no need for foul language anywhere and especially on the Internet. In fact the Apostle Luke wrote (Luke 19:22), "...Out of your own mouth, I judge you, wicked slave....," and at (Luke 6:45), "A good man brings forth good out of the good treasure of his heart, but a wicked man brings forth what is wicked out of his wicked mouth; for out of the heart's abundance his mouth speaks."
Second, you are correct, 'There have been more violence in the name of your religion than I care to shake a stick at;' however, there is something else you are overlooking. Just because MOST RELIGION is false/incorrect does not mean all is in error. Satan the Devil has caused many religions to come into being for the purpose of making it difficult to find the true religion which God the Creator approves.
Third, there is no need for character assassination, you should stick with the facts not hurl names at those who present you with facts you do not like hearing,i.e., 'don't kill the messenger.' Do a critical none bias evaluation from a neutral view point and not have the attitude, 'my minds is made up, do not confuse me with facts.'
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Re: Scripture of the Day
COMBINATION OF [1] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [2] ANSWERS TO MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS
[1] SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY [VOL. 915A]
From whom the whole body fitly joined together and compacted by that which every joint supplieth, according to the effectual working in the measure of every part, maketh increase of the body unto the edifying of itself in love. Ephesians 4:16, [authorized King James Bible; AV]
It is necessary that all the parts of Almighty God’s (YHWH’s) earthly organization work together and those NOT doing so are not really a part of it. To this end His faithful followers are directed at Matthew 28:19 – 20, [AV] “Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: 20 Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world. Amen.” Yes, this is necessary as Revelation 22:17, [AV] “And the Spirit and the bride say, Come. And let him that heareth say, Come. And let him that is athirst come. And whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely. 18 For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book:” Yes, all things must be done in unity and nothing added to it.
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[2] ANSWERS TO MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS
First, problems should be talked about and action taken to ameliorate/resolve them. God sees everything that is taking place and will be the ultimate judge.
Second, unfortunately you are right, people forget about wrong doing quickly when the media no longer reports on it. However, the evil root cause remains.
Third, I personally know of a Catholic Church child molester, ex-Bishop O'Conner who formerly served in the Cathedral in Palm Beach Gardens.
Fourth, 'There have been more violence and wrong doing in the name of your religion that I care to shake a stick at, in fact two World Wars were started by so Called Christian nations who claimed to be following Jesus, the Prince of Peace;' however, there is something else you are overlooking. Just because MOST RELIGION is false/incorrect does not mean all is in error. Satan the Devil has caused many religions to come into being for the purpose of making it difficult to find the true religion which God the Creator approves.
For example, recently every time you read or hear the news it either deals with another member of the clergy of the Catholic faith molesting children or parishioners, or suicide bombers attaching Israelis and/or Israel’s response. It makes one wonder why the leaders to these two large faiths, Catholic and Muslim (Islam) do not clean their own house. They both claim to be doing the will of God, but their actions clearly show otherwise, one has been covering up as SOP for the breaking of God’s law by their clergy at all levels, and the other fails to respect God’s law with respect to the sanctity of life in that it takes no steps to get their “own house in order” and stop suicide bombings by their members. These events cast serious doubts with respect the teachings of both groups. Their past practice of the Catholic Church of moving problem priest to a new church instead of getting them to clean-up their act or get out brings into serious doubt if they, the Catholic Church (Roman), are real followers of Jesus Christ. This abomination by this church is contributing to the continuing degeneration of morals in the US is tearing the nation apart; have we learned nothing from history? The Roman Empire fell from within from degeneration of morals before it ever fell to external forces, note, at the time of its fall the official state church was , the Catholic Church (Roman). The underlying ailment is in reality sex abuse and/or perversion of all flavors instead of abstinence. This is just part of the larger question being asked and which is often asked in the wrong way, i.e., the question should not be which type of sex abuse or perversion is more destructive, fornication, adultery, homosexuality, bestiality, pedophilism, etc. or which type of illegal drug abuse, crack cocaine, heroin, one of the designer drugs, etc. is more destructive; the reality is they are all destructive and all contribute to the degeneration of morality in the nation.
With respect to the Muslim (Islam) religion, serious doubts are also cast since their members tend to believe they will become martyrs and have 72 virgins in Heaven if they become suicide bombers. Their leaders do nothing to correct this wrong thinking and lack of respect for God’s commandments; thereby, sharing in their wrongs. If so called religions who publicly profess to believe in God but do the works of his arch enemy the Devil continue in their wrong ways instead of providing moral guidance, this world is doomed. I will proceed to go into the errors of wrong sexual desires and their results, including the AIDS plague.
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Re: Scripture of the Day
COMBINATION OF [1] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [2] ANSWERS ON THE SHEPARD HATE CASE
[1] SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY [VOL. 916A]
16 All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: 17 That the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works. 2 Timothy 3:16 – 17, [authorized King James Bible; AV]
Almighty God (YHWH) gave mankind the gift of language so they could pray to Him and give Him praise. Psalmss 40:5, [AV] “Many, O LORD my God, are thy wonderful works which thou hast done, and thy thoughts which are to us–ward: they cannot be reckoned up in order unto thee: if I would declare and speak of them, they are more than can be numbered.” Which high-lights the wonderful gifts He has given mankind.
In fact Psalmss 92:5, shows how in-depth this gifts, [AV] “O LORD, how great are thy works! and thy thoughts are very deep.” Which clearly shows His thoughts go very deep. This same thought is amplified at Psalmss 139:17, [AV] “How precious also are thy thoughts unto me, O God! how great is the sum of them!”
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[2] ANSWERS ON THE SHEPARD HATE CASE:
First, what happened to Matthew Shepard should not have occurred, and clearlly one should not let his animals, dogs, kill the neighbor. The Holy Bible plainly shows we should not judge our neighbors, but love them. This does not mean loving their sin. Matthew 7:1-2, states, "Stop judging that you may not be judged; for with what judgment you are judging, you will be judged," and Romans 14:4, 10-13, "Who are you to judge the house servant of another? To his own master he stands or falls. Indeed, he will be made to stand, for God can make him stand. But why do you judge your brother? For we shall all stand before the judgment seat of God... Therefore let us not be judging one another any longer," this plainly shows no true Christian should be executing judgment on anyone with respect sin. In fact this would be a usurping of God's exclusive right, i.e., blaspheme, Matthew 25:31-32 states, "When the Son of man arrives in his glory, and all the angels with him, then he will sit down on his glorious throne. And all the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate people one from another, just as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats."
Second, we should be loving our neighbors and attempting to get them to turn away from sin, not judging, hurting, or killing them in violation of God's law. Luke 10:27 states, "....You shall love the Lord, your God, with all your heart, with all your being, with all your strength, and with all your mind, and your neighbor as yourself." Matthew 5:21-22 clearly states this devine principle, "....'You must not murder; but whoever commits a murder will be accountable to the court of justice.' However, I say to you that everyone who continues wrathful with his brother (neighbor) will be accountable to the court of justice; but whoever addresses his brother with an unspeakable word of contempt will be accountable to the Supreme Court (God's court, not the Supreme Court of the US); whereas whoever says, 'You despicable fool! will be liable to the fiery Gehenna. (often mistranslated as hell)."
Third, it should be obvious to all that the goons that killed Shepard were in the wrong. We should be helping our neighbor not harming him/her in one way or another. Now a question, why do many individuals seek to run others down or harm them when they are not endangering them? Please do a little Biblical research and see if you can uncover the root cause.
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Re: Scripture of the Day
COMBINATION OF [1] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [2] THE RARE FRUIT OR VEGETABLE - Hymenaea courbaril – Jatoba
[1] SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY [VOL. 917A]
The fear of the LORD is clean, enduring for ever: the judgments of the LORD are true and righteous altogether. 10 More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much fine gold: sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb. 11 Moreover by them is thy servant warned: and in keeping of them there is great reward. Psalms 19:9 – 11, [authorized King James Bible; AV]
If we want to be forgiven for our trespasses, we must be willing to forgive others for their trespasses against us as clearly shown at Matthew 18:28 – 35, [AV] “Then the lord of that servant was moved with compassion, and loosed him, and forgave him the debt. 28 But the same servant went out, and found one of his fellowservants, which owed him an hundred pence: and he laid hands on him, and took him by the throat, saying, Pay me that thou owest. 29 And his fellowservant fell down at his feet, and besought him, saying, Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. 30 And he would not: but went and cast him into prison, till he should pay the debt. 31 So when his fellowservants saw what was done, they were very sorry, and came and told unto their lord all that was done. 32 Then his lord, after that he had called him, said unto him, O thou wicked servant, I forgave thee all that debt, because thou desiredst me: 33 Shouldest not thou also have had compassion on thy fellowservant, even as I had pity on thee? 34 And his lord was wroth, and delivered him to the tormentors, till he should pay all that was due unto him. 35 So likewise shall my heavenly Father do also unto you, if ye from your hearts forgive not every one his brother their trespasses.” Yes, to receive a good judgment, we must cultivate compassion.
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[2] Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Hymenaea courbaril – Jatoba.
A well known tree throughout much of tropical America. Yields hard fruit pods with edible flesh and beautiful hardwood that is used in fine woodworking and furniture. The pulp has a stinky odor, but a sweet flavor that has numerous edible uses. The tree remains an important indigenous crop in some areas. Medium sized tree, unknown hardiness. ?[SOURCE - RETRIVED FROM ON 5 24 /2018]
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Hymenaea
Species: courbaril
Synonyms: Hymenaea animifera, H. candolleana, H. multiflora, H. resinifera, H. retusa, H. stilbocarpa, Inga megacarpa
Common Names: Jatoba, jatobá, stinking toe, algarrobo, azucar huayo, jataí, copal, Brazilian copal, courbaril, nazareno, Cayenne copal, demarara copal, gomme animee, pois confiture, guapinol, guapinole, loksi, South American locust
Part Used: Bark, resin, leaves
Jatobá is a huge canopy tree, growing to 30 m in height, and is indigenous to the Amazon rainforest and parts of tropical Central America. It produces bright green leaves in matched pairs, white, fragrant flowers that are pollinated by bats, and an oblong, brown, pod-like fruit with large seeds inside. The fruit is considered edible although hardly tasty; one of its common names, "stinking toe," is used to describe the smell and taste of the fruit! In the Peruvian Amazon the tree is called azucar huayo and, in Brazil, jatobá. The Hymenaea genus comprises two dozen species of tall trees distributed in tropical parts of South America, Mexico, and Cuba.
Several species of Hymenaea, including jatobá, produce usable copal resins. At the base of the jatobá tree an orange, sticky, resinous gum collects, usually underground (however, the bark also produces smaller amounts of resin when wounded). The resin of Hymenaea trees converts to amber through a remarkable chemical process requiring millions of years. During this process, volatile plant chemicals leach out of the resin and other non-volatile chemicals bond together. This forms a hard polymer that is resistant to natural decay processes and the ravages of time. As portrayed in the Jurassic Park movies, amber of million-year-old Hymenaea trees have provided scientists with many clues to its prehistoric presence on earth as well as to the insects and other plants encased in it.
TRIBAL AND HERBAL MEDICINE USES
In the Amazon, jatobá's aromatic copal resin is dug up from the base of the tree and burned as incense, used in the manufacture of varnishes, used as a glaze for pottery, and is employed medicinally. Indians in the Amazon have long used the resin in magic rituals, love potions and in wedding ceremonies. Although the name Hymenaea is derived from Hymen, the Greek God of marriage, it refers to the green leaflets that always occur in matching pairs, rather than the Indian's use of it in marriage ceremonies. Jatobá's bark and leaves also have an ancient history of use with the indigenous tribes of the rainforest. The bark of the tree is macerated by the Karaja Indians in Peru and Creole people in Guyana to treat diarrhea. In Ka'apor ethnobotany, jatobá bark is taken orally to stop excessive menstrual discharge, applied to wounded or sore eyes, and used to expel intestinal worms and parasites. The bark is used in the Peruvian Amazon for cystitis, hepatitis, prostatitis, and coughs. In the Brazilian Amazon, the resin is used for coughs and bronchitis, and a bark tea is used for stomach problems as well as foot and nail fungus.
With its long history of indigenous use, it would follow that jatobá has a long history of use in herbal medicine systems throughout South America. It was first recorded in Brazilian herbal medicine in 1930. The bark was described by Dr. J. Monteiro Silva who recommended it for diarrhea, dysentery, general fatigue, intestinal gas, dyspepsia, hematuria, bladder problems, and hemoptysis (coughing blood from the lungs). The resin was recommended for all types of upper respiratory and cardiopulmonary problems. In the mid-1960s an alcohol bark extract called Vinho de Jatobá was widely sold throughout Brazil as a tonic and fortificant, for energy, and for numerous other disorders.
In traditional medicine in Panama, the fruit is used to treat mouth ulcers and the leaves and wood are used for diabetes. In the United States, jatobá is used as a natural energy tonic, for such respiratory ailments as asthma, laryngitis, and bronchitis, as a douche for yeast infections and it is taken internally as a decongestant and for systemic candida in the stomach and intestines. It is also used in the treatment of hemorrhages, bursitis, bladder infections, arthritis, prostatitis, yeast and fungal infections, cystitis, and is applied topically for skin and nail fungus. At present, none of the research has indicated that jatobá has any toxicity. One study highlighted the mild allergic effect that jatobá resin may have when used externally.
PLANT CHEMICALS
Chemical analysis of jatobá shows that it is rich in biologically active compounds including diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and oligosaccharides. The phytochemical makeup of jatobá is very similar to another resin-producing rainforest tree, copaiba, which is also featured in this book. Some of these same chemicals occuring in both plants (such as copalic acid, delta-cadinene, caryophyllene and alpha-humulene) have shown to exhibit significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activities in clinical studies. In other research, another of jatobá's phytochemicals, astilbin, was shown in a 1997 clinical study to provide antioxidant and liver protective properties.
Jatobá also contains terpene and phenolic chemicals which are responsible for protecting the tree from fungi in the rainforest. In fact, the jatobá tree is one of the few trees in the rainforest that sports a completely clean trunk bark, without any of the usual mold and fungus found on many other trees in this wet and humid environment. These antifungal terpenes and phenolics have been documented in several studies over the years and the antifungal activity of jatobá is attributed to these chemicals.
The main chemicals found in jatobá include: Alpha-copaene, alpha-cubebene, alpha-himachalene, alpha-humulene, alpha-muurolene, alpha-selinene, astilibin, beta-bisabolene, beta-bourbonene, beta-copaene, betacubebene, beta-gurjunene, beta-humulene, beta-selinene, beta-sitosterol, calarene, carboxylic acids, caryophyllene, catechins, clerodane diterpenes, communic acids, copacamphene, copalic acid, cubebene, cyclosativene, cyperene, delta-cadinene, gamma-muurolene, gamma-cadinene, halimadienoic acids, heptasaccharides, kovalenic acid, labdadiene acids, octasaccharides, oligosaccharides, ozic acids, polysaccharides, selinenes, and taxifolin.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND CLINICAL RESEARCH
In addition to its antifungal properties, jatobá also has been documented to have anti-yeast activity against a wide range of organisms including Candida. Other clinical studies have been performed on jatobá since the early 1970s which have shown that it has antimicrobial, molluscicidal (kills/controls snails & slugs), and antibacterial activities, including in vitro actions against such organisms as E. coli, Psuedomonas, Staphylococcus and Bacillus. In addition, a water extract of jatobá leaves has demonstrated significant hypoglycemic activity, producing a significant reduction in blood sugar levels (which validates another traditional use).
CURRENT PRACTICAL USES
Practitioners have long reported that jatobá bark has shown dramatic results with acute and chronic cystitis and prostatitis. Many practitioners today are discovering that these chronic conditions oftentimes can be fungal in nature rather than bacterial. The widespread use of antibiotics to treat these conditions can actually kill off friendly bacteria which live off fungi - and increase the chances of a fungal problem or encourage fungal growth - even to the point of making the condition chronic. When these types of chronic prostatitis and cystitis cases react so quickly and dramatically to jatobá supplements, is it probably from jatobá's antifungal and anti-yeast properties at work, not its antibacterial properties.
Natural health practitioners in the United States are learning of jatobá's many uses and employing it as a natural remedy for prostatitis and cystitis, as a healthful tonic for added energy (without any caffeine or harmful stimulants), and for many fungal and yeast problems such as candida, athlete's foot, yeast infections and stubborn nail fungus. It is a wonderful, helpful natural remedy from an important and ancient rainforest resource. ?[SOURCE - RETRIVED FROM ON 5/24/2018]
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
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