MAKING THE MOST OF LIFE TODAY, THIS VOL 888B, (1) INTERESTING SOURCE FOR READING THE BIBLE ON LINE, AND CAN OUR PLANET SURVIVE? OCEANS,  [2] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY, A LINK TO A DATA SERIES ON MANY SUBJECTS, INTRODUCTION TO 1 SAMUEL,  A BIBLE STUDY, AND 2 VIDEO,  [3]  DISCOURSE ON REVELATION 1:17-18:  [4]  (PART OF A VIDEO SERIES ESPECIALLY FOR CHILDREN),  BECOME JEHOVAH’S FRIEND,  LESSON 4: STEALING IS BAD,  [5]  BECOME JEHOVAH’S FRIEND,  LESSON 6: PLEASE AND THANK YOU,  [6]  BECOME JEHOVAH’S FRIEND,  LESSON 7: GIVING MAKES YOU HAPPY,  [7]  BECOME JEHOVAH’S FRIEND,   LESSON 9: “JEHOVAH  . CREATED ALL THINGS”

(1A) READ THE BIBLE ON LINE:
https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/study-bible/books/

(1B)  CAN OUR PLANET SURVIVE? OCEANS,
https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/awake-no1-2023/planet-survive-oceans/

COMBINATION OF [2]  THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [3]   Discourse on Revelation 1:17-18: 

[2]       SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY [888B]

Then came his disciples, and said unto him, Knowest thou that the Pharisees were offended, after they heard this saying?   13  But he answered and said, Every plant, which my heavenly Father hath not planted, shall be rooted up.  Genesis 6:12 – 13, [authorized King James Bible; AV]

This shows the rejection of many of the truth, and that Almighty God (YHWH) would reject this ones just as he had of the evil ones before the flood of Noah’s day as recorded at Ezekiel 7:2, [AV] “Also, thou son of man, thus saith the Lord GOD unto the land of Israel; An end, the end is come upon the four corners of the land.” Today, the culmination of the end times is close at hand, and like conditions of evil now exist.  1 Peter 4:7 -8, shows what will result, [AV] “But the end of all things is at hand: be ye therefore sober, and watch unto prayer.  8  And above all things have fervent charity among yourselves: for charity shall cover the multitude of sins.” 

TO VIEW THE INTRODUCTION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT RELIGION AND THE BIBLE, GO TO,
https://religioustruthsbyi.createaforum.com/general-discussion/

TO VIEW THE INTRODUCTION TO 1 SAMUEL; CLICK OR ENTER IN BROWSER, THE FOLLOWING,
https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/study-bible/books/1-samuel-introduction/

AN ONLINE BIBLE STUDY CALLED “FOLLOW THE CHRIST”: CLICK OR POST IN BROWSER, THE FOLLOWING. https://religioustruths.boardhost.com/viewtopic.php?id=645

VIDEO -  Pray Anytime, GO TO: https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/children/become-jehovahs-friend/videos/pray-anytime/

VIDEO – OBEY YOUR PARENTS, GO TO:
https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/children/become-jehovahs-friend/videos/obey-your-parents/

[3]    Discourse on Revelation 1:17-18:

INTRODUCTION:

Let’s first look at the two scriptures in several different Bible versions/translations:

17  And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not; I am the first and the last:
    18 I am he that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death.  (Revelation 1:17-18 AV – Authorized Kind James Bible)

17  And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as one dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying, Fear not; I am the first and the last,
    18 and the Living one; and I was dead, and behold, I am alive for evermore, and I have the keys of death and of Hades. (Revelation 1:17-18 ASV – American Standard Version)

17  And when I had seen him, I fell at his feet as dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying: Fear not. I am the First and the Last,
    18 And alive, and was dead. And behold I am living for ever and ever and have the keys of death and of hell. (Revelation 1:17-18 Douay-Rheims Catholic Bible)

BIBLE SCHOLARS AND ENCYCLOPEDIAS AND COMMENTARIES ON REVELATION 1:17-18:

Let’s see what leading scholars consider these scriptures to be about as many none scholars have an erroneous understanding of what they purport to be dealing with:

One renown scholar, Theodore Beza, said:

1:17 {10} And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead. {11} And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not; {12} I am the first and the last:

(10) A religious fear, that goes before the calling of the saints, and their full confirmation to take on them the vocation of God.
(11) A divine confirmation of this calling, partly by sign, and partly by word of power.
(12) A most elegant description of this calling contained in three things, which are necessary to a just vocation: first the authority of him who calls, for he is the beginning and end of all things, in this verse, for he is eternal and omnipotent #Re 1:8.  Secondly the sum of his prophetic calling and revelation #Re 1:9.  Lastly a declaration of those persons to whom this prophecy is by the commandment of God directed in the description of it #Re 1:20. [Beza, Theodore. "Commentary on Ephesians 4". "The 1599 Geneva Study Bible".  1600-1645.]

Another, renown scholar, A.R. Fausset, A.M., said:

17. So fallen is man that God’s manifestation of His glorious presence overwhelms him.

laid his right hand upon me—So the same Lord Jesus did at the Transfiguration to the three prostrate disciples, of whom John was one, saying, Be not afraid. The "touch" of His hand, as of old, imparted strength.

unto me—omitted in the oldest manuscripts.

the first . . . the last—(#Isa 41:4 44:6 48:12). From eternity, and enduring to eternity: "the First by creation, the Last by retribution: the First, because before Me there was no God formed; the Last, because after Me there shall be no other: the First, because from Me are all things; the Last, because to Me all things return" [RICHARD OF ST. VICTOR].

18. Translate as Greek, " And THE LIVING ONE": connected with last sentence, #Re 1:17.

and was—Greek, " and (yet) I became."

alive for evermore—Greek, " living unto the ages of ages": not merely "I live, " but I have life, and am the source of it to My people. "To Him belongs absolute being, as contrasted with the relative being of the creature; others may share,  He only hath immortality: being in essence, not by mere participation, immortal"[ THEODORET in TRENCH]. One oldest manuscript, with English Version,  reads Amen." Two others, and most of the oldest versions and Fathers, omit it. His having passed through death as one of us, and now living in the infinite plenitude of life, reassures His people, since through Him death is the gate of resurrection to eternal life.

have . . . keys of hell—Greek, " Hades"; Hebrew, " Sheol." "Hell" in the sense, the place of torment,  answers to a different Greek word, namely, Gehenna. I can release from the unseen world of spirits and from DEATH whom I will. The oldest manuscripts read by transposition, "Death and Hades," or Hell." It is death (which came in by sin, robbing man of his immortal birthright, #Ro 5:12) that peoples Hades, and therefore should stand first in order. Keys are emblems of authority, opening and shutting at will "the gates of Hades" (#Ps 9:13,14 Isa 38:10 Mt 16:18). [Fausset, A. R., A.M. "Commentary on Micah 5". "Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible".  1871.]

A Bible Dictionary/Commentary said:

In the Hebrew scriptures just considered, it is evident that ´avad·dohn' is paralleled with Sheol and death. At Revelation 1:18 we find Christ Jesus stating: “I am living forever and ever, and I have the keys of death and of Hades.” His power with regard to the abyss is shown at Luke 8:31. That he has destroying power, including the power of destruction over Satan, is evident from Hebrews 2:14, which says that Jesus partook of blood and flesh in order that “through his death he might bring to nothing the one having the means to cause death, that is, the Devil.” At Revelation 19:11-16 he is clearly represented as God’s appointed Destroyer or Executioner.


Jesus speaks of himself as having “the keys of death and of Hades” (Re 1:18), and he uses these in releasing those held by death. (Joh 5:28, 29; Re 20:13) Jehovah God’s release of Jesus from Hades serves as a “guarantee to all men” of God’s future day of judgment or reckoning and provides assurance that there will be a resurrection of those in Hades. (Ac 17:31; 1Co 15:20, 21) Those inheriting God’s Kingdom in immortality are described as triumphing over death in their resurrection, so that its “sting” is overcome.—1Co 15:50, 54-56; compare Ho 13:14; Re 20:6.  [Insight, Vol. 1]

CONCLUSION:

Clearly, here the Apostle John, like most other individuals in the bible who received such visions, was terrified!  This is clearly shown by his fainting; however, he was revived by the awe inspiring glowing vision of Christ.  Christ put his hand on him and identified himself.  He identified himself as the First and the Last, in that he was the first creation of God (YHWH), “ And unto the angel of the church of the Laodiceans write; These things saith the Amen, the faithful and true witness, the beginning of the creation of God;” (Revelation 3:14 AV) and  “ Who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of every creature:” (Colossians 1:15 AV).   He was last in the sense that he was the only begotten Son of Almighty God (YHWH), “ And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, and the first begotten of the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth. Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood,” (Revelation 1:5 AV) and  “ He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God.” (John 3:18 AV).  Strong defines ‘last’ as follows: “2078 escatwv eschatos es’-khat-os a superlative probably from 2192 (in the sense of contiguity); TDNT-2:697,264; adj AV-last 46, lowest 2, uttermost 2, last state 2, ends 1, latter end 1; 54

1) extreme
1a) last in time or in place
1b) last in a series of places
1c) last in a temporal succession
2) the last
2a) last, referring to time
2b) of space, the uttermost part, the end, of the earth
2c) of rank, grade of worth, last i.e. lowest

We can see from this definition 1c applies as he, Jesus (Yeshua or YHWH saves) is both first as he was the first of creation and last in that he was the only begotten Son of Almighty God (YHWH).

To John this would not contradict his impression that it was Jesus since he had often shown he was God’s (YHWH’s) only begotten Son and the only one to sit at his right hand, “14  And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth.  15 ¶ John bare witness of him, and cried, saying, This was he of whom I spake, He that cometh after me is preferred before me: for he was before me.  16  And of his fulness have all we received, and grace for grace.  17  For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ.   18  No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him.”  (John 1:14-18 AV) and “ Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens;” (Hebrews 8:1 AV)

Jesus Christ (Yeshua or YHWH saves) by calling himself the Living One who had died and was now alive forever, Jesus (Yeshua or YHWH saves) confirmed to the Apostle John that He was indeed the only Begotten Son of the Most High (YHWH).  He who had come first as the Savior was now preparing to come again as the Judge, “ And I saw heaven opened, and behold a white horse; and he that sat upon him was called Faithful and True, and in righteousness he doth judge and make war.” (Revelation 19:11 AV) and “ I can of mine own self do nothing: as I hear, I judge: and my judgment is just; because I seek not mine own will, but the will of the Father which hath sent me.” (John 5:30 AV)

Now note, He, Jesus (Yeshua or YHWH saves) says, “I seek not mine own will, but the will of the Father which hath sent me.” Clearly showing that his Father, Almighty God (YHWH) had sent him, which was part of his assignment, “27  For he hath put all things under his feet. But when he saith all things are put under him, it is manifest that he is excepted, which did put all things under him.  28  And when all things shall be subdued unto him, then shall the Son also himself be subject unto him that put all things under him, that God may be all in all.” (1 Corinthians 15:27-28 AV).   Therefore, he holds the keys of death and Hell/Hades/Gehenna .

So here we see a faithful Son, Jesus (Yeshua or YHWH saves) had been given authority over all by his Father (YHWH) with the “, it is manifest that he is excepted” exception of himself.   This subjection to his Father (YHWH) is clearly shown by the faithful Son’s statements, “ Then answered Jesus and said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, The Son can do nothing of himself, but what he seeth the Father do: for what things soever he doeth, these also doeth the Son likewise.” (John 5:19 AV) and  “ Ye have heard how I said unto you, I go away, and come again unto you. If ye loved me, ye would rejoice, because I said, I go unto the Father: for my Father is greater than I.” (John 14:28 AV).

Those denying that Jesus (Yeshua or YHWH saves) is not the faithful only begotten Son of Almighty God (YHWH) and not God (YHWH)  are thus clearly committing blasphemy.

[4]  BECOME JEHOVAH’S FRIEND,  LESSON 4: STEALING IS BAD,
https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/become-jehovahs-friend-2/stealing-is-bad/

[5]  BECOME JEHOVAH’S FRIEND,  LESSON 6: PLEASE AND THANK YOU,
https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/become-jehovahs-friend-2/please-thank-you/

[6]  BECOME JEHOVAH’S FRIEND,  LESSON 7: GIVING MAKES YOU HAPPY,
https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/become-jehovahs-friend-2/be-neat-and-clean/
[7]  BECOME JEHOVAH’S FRIEND,   LESSON 9: “JEHOVAH  . CREATED ALL THINGS” https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/become-jehovahs-friend-2/jehovah-created-all-things/

LEARN MORE ABOUT THE BIBLE AND RELIGION – BOTH TRUE AND FALSE – AT WWW.JW.ORG










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MAKING THE MOST OF LIFE TODAY, THIS VOL 891B, (1) INTERESTING SOURCE FOR READING THE BIBLE ON LINE, AND HOW CAN WE BE SURE THE BIBLE IS TRUE?   [2] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY, A LINK TO A DATA SERIES ON MANY SUBJECTS, INTRODUCTION TO 2 KINGS,  A BIBLE STUDY, AND 2 VIDEO,  [3]  DISCOURSE ON REVELATION  22:12-13:  [4]   KEYS TO A HAPPY LIFE,  [5]  NO. 1 2023 | CAN OUR PLANET SURVIVE??—REASONS FOR HOPE,   [6]   CAN OUR PLANET SURVIVE?  FRESH WATER,
[7]  CAN OUR PLANET SURVIVE?  AIR,

(1A) READ THE BIBLE ON LINE:
https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/study-bible/books/

(1B)   HOW CAN WE BE SURE THE BIBLE IS TRUE?
https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/Good-News-From-God-Video-Series/video-bible-true/

COMBINATION OF [2]  THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [3]   DISCOURSE ON ROMANS 8:16:


[2]       SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY [891B]

“What shall we then say to these things? If God be for us, who can be against us?  32  He that spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not with him also freely give us all things?”  Romans 8:31 – 32,  [authorized King James Bible; AV]

This scripture that if Almighty God (YHWH) is with you is highlighted at Psalms 118:6, [AV] “The LORD is on my side; I will not fear: what can man do unto me?”  And the fact that He provided His own son, Jesus (Yeshua) is testified to at many places in the scriptures, one notable place being John 3:16, [AV] “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.”  Yes, He provided His son as a sacrifice to release all obedient mankind from inherited sin as testified to a Romans 3:25, [AV] “Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God;”  This clearly shows that the true God loves us as declared at Ephesians 2:4, [AV] “But God, who is rich in mercy, for his great love wherewith he loved us,”

TO VIEW THE INTRODUCTION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT RELIGION AND THE BIBLE, GO TO,
https://religioustruthsbyi.createaforum.com/general-discussion/

TO VIEW THE INTRODUCTION TO 2 KINGS; CLICK OR ENTER IN BROWSER, THE FOLLOWING,
https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/study-bible/books/2-kings-introduction/

AN ONLINE BIBLE STUDY CALLED “FOLLOW THE CHRIST”: CLICK OR POST IN BROWSER, THE FOLLOWING. https://religioustruths.boardhost.com/viewtopic.php?id=645

VIDEO -  Pray Anytime, GO TO: https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/children/become-jehovahs-friend/videos/pray-anytime/

VIDEO – OBEY YOUR PARENTS, GO TO:
https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/children/become-jehovahs-friend/videos/obey-your-parents/

[3]    DISCOURSE ON ROMANS 8:16:

SCRIPTURE IN DIFFERENT BIBLES

“ The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God:” (Romans 8:16 AV)

“The Spirit Himself testifies together with our spirit that we are God's children, “ (Romans 8:16 Holman Standard Christian Bible)
SCRIPTURE CROSS REFERENCE

First, let’s consider a scriptural cross reference on Romans 8:16:

The Spirit itself (a) beareth witness with our (b)  spirit, that we are the children of God:

(a) “ I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience also bearing me witness in the Holy Ghost,” (Romans 9:1 AV)

(b) “ The burden of the word of the LORD for Israel, saith the LORD, which stretcheth forth the heavens, and layeth the foundation of the earth, and formeth the spirit of man within him.” (Zechariah 12:1 AV)

“ But there is a spirit in man: and the inspiration of the Almighty giveth them understanding.” (Job 32:8 AV)

“ The spirit of man is the candle of the LORD, searching all the inward parts of the belly.” (Proverbs 20:27 AV)

“ God is a Spirit: and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth.” (John 4:24 AV)

“ And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.” (1 Thessalonians 5:23 AV)

“ For the word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any twoedged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart.” (Hebrews 4:12 AV)

“ Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them.” (Romans 1:19 AV)

“ In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, when ye are gathered together, and my spirit, with the power of our Lord Jesus Christ,” (1 Corinthians 5:4 AV)

“ For they have refreshed my spirit and yours: therefore acknowledge ye them that are such.” (1 Corinthians 16:18 AV)

“ The Lord Jesus Christ be with thy spirit. Grace be with you. Amen. <<The second epistle unto Timotheus, ordained the first bishop of the church of the Ephesians, was written from Rome, when Paul was brought before Nero the second time.>>” (2 Timothy 4:22 AV)

“ Brethren, the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. Amen. <<To the Galatians written from Rome.>>” (Galatians 6:18 AV)

(c) “ Because the creature itself also shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God.” (Romans 8:21 AV)

“ But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name:” (John 1:12 AV)

“ Behold, what manner of love the Father hath bestowed upon us, that we should be called the sons of God: therefore the world knoweth us not, because it knew him not.” (1 John 3:1 AV)

“ That is, They which are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted for the seed.” (Romans 9:8 AV)

TECHNICAL DETAIL BY A TRANSLATION SCHOLAR

Now let’s see what Bible Scholar, Daniel B. Wallace says on this scripture:
The Witness of the Spirit in Romans 8:16: Interpretation and Implications
By Daniel B. Wallace, Ph.D.

Interpretation Romans 8:16 reads simply aujtoV toV pneu'ma summarturei' tw'/ pneuvmati hJmw'n o{ti ejsmeVn tevkna qeou'. There are two possible translations at the crucial juncture. Either “The Spirit himself bears witness with our spirit that we are God’s children,” or “The Spirit himself bears witness to our spirit that we are God’s children.”  Grammatically, the issue is simply this: Is tw'/ pneuvmati a dative of association (“with our spirit”) or a dative indirect object (“to our spirit”)? Exegetically and theologically, the issue may be far deeper: If a dative of association is in view, then our spirit joins God’s Spirit in bearing witness that we are God’s children, that we are saved. But to whom is this witness made? Many argue that such a witness is made to ourselves (thus, “the Spirit bears witness along with our spirit to us that we are God’s children”). On the other hand, some argue that such a witness is made to God. In this construct, there is no witness of God’s Spirit to us. Rather, both ‘spirits’ testify Godward; both are advocates of our status before the great Judge.

If, on the other hand, a dative indirect object is in view, then God’s Spirit is testifying to our spirits, that is, tous. In this case, believers are the recipients of the testimony of the Spirit.

The first view (what we’ll call the associative view) may imply that the Spirit has nothing to do with the believer’s assurance of salvation.   This is especially the case if the witness is Godward. The second view (what we’ll call the indirect object view) certainly implies that the Spirit’s testimony to the believer is an important aspect of assurance. The first view allows one to claim assurance based directly on the objective data, the Word. The second view opens the doors to a soft mysticism, suggesting that though the Word is essential to assurance, God’s Spirit is also essential to offer such comfort.

A. Arguments for “with our spirit”
Scholars are divided on this issue—even evangelical scholars. However, it seems that the predominant view is the dative of association view (“with our spirit”). Most translations take this view. Thus, “with our spirit” is the reading of the AV, ASV, NASB, RSV, NRSV, JB, NJB, and Moffatt. It is also adopted by many commentators today such as Stifler, Hendrickson, Dunn, Fitzmyer, probably Moo, and possibly Stuhlmacher. Others, too, seem to be in favor of this view.   Most recently, the associative view has been promoted by two Evangelical Theological Society members:

First, Bob Wilkin of the Grace Evangelical Society takes the associative view. The very title of his paper that was to be delivered at the Evangelical Theological Society (November 1996) indicates his approach: “Does the Inner Witness of the Holy Spirit (Rom. 8:16) Play a Role in Assurance? No.” Although I’ve not yet seen his paper, I have talked with Dr. Wilkin about his view. He takes the approach that the witness of the Spirit is toward God. That is, God is the implied indirect object. If so, then neither the Holy Spirit nor our spirit is addressing us. The testimony offered is directed elsewhere.
Second, Gordon Fee, in his massive work, God’s Empowering Presence: The Holy Spirit in the Letters of Paul, adopts this view. He argues as follows:
To take the dative as an indirect object is an “unnecessary expedient that abandons Pauline usage for the sake of a prior theological concern that is not involved here.”  He draws the negative conclusion that “This means that those who make much out of the concept of ‘the inner witness of the Spirit’ are probably also missing Paul’s point.”

The main arguments for the associative view are as follows:
1. In keeping with Deut 19:15, two witnesses are needed to establish the truth of a matter. Thus, the Holy Spirit and our spirit must give a combined testimony to confirm our salvation.
2. To argue that the Spirit bears witness to our spirits seems to presuppose that the moment of salvation is in view. But the present tense (summarturei') argues against this; this is an activity that is ongoing in the life of the believer. Hence, “to our spirit” cannot be the meaning of the text here.

3. The verb itself suggests an associative idea: it is marturevw prefixed by the preposition suvn. Such verbs regularly take datives of association.

B. Arguments for “to our spirit”
The indirect object view is not without its representatives. For the most part, English translations are against it, but other translations (such as the Vulgate  and Luther’s Bible) are often for it. As well, several notable scholars have adopted this view, such as Luther, Calvin, Leenhardt, Godet, Hodge, Strathman (in TDNT), Morris, Murray, and Cranfield. The view is well represented, though more so among older, Reformed works than recent writers.

I think that this is the correct view. I wish to first interact with the arguments mentioned above; then, offer some further evidence on behalf of the indirect object position. The arguments are as follows.
(1) To see Deut 19:15 as part of the background of this verse is unnecessary. It seems to presuppose that the Spirit’s testimony is not good enough if offered by itself. This also presupposes that our testimony, in combination with the Spirit’s, is good enough! But elsewhere in the NT a single testimony is often acceptable, especially one offered by God.  Indeed, the vast bulk of texts in which the Spirit bears witness rest the claim made on that witness alone; no other witness is necessary.
Further, if a second witness is sought in this text, there is a better candidate than our own spirits. Paul uses the verb marturevw only twice in Romans, only once before chapter eight. In what is his central passage on justification, Romans 3:21-26, he notes that “the righteousness of God has been witnessed by the Law and the Prophets.” This righteousness is applied “to all who believe” (3:22). There, the justified state of the believer is witnessed by the Scriptures; here, it is witnessed by the Spirit. It is precisely this twofold testimony—that of the Spirit and the Word—offered at two key junctures in Romans, that constitutes the basis of the believer’s assurance.

But I don’t think that’s Paul’s point here. I don’t think that he’s looking back five chapters to find a second witness. Let me repeat: the necessity of having a second witness is based on two assumptions: (1) that summarturevw means bear witness together with and (2) that the Spirit’s testimony is inadequate to confirm the truth of our salvation. I think that the first of these assumptions is wrong, and the second is not in the picture here. But even if the first assumption is correct, this does not mean that “our spirit” needs to be that second witness.

(2) It is erecting a straw man to say that the indirect object view only applies to the moment of conversion. To be sure, it does apply to that moment. But it also applies later. We should give the present tense, summarturei', its full force. But as such, it is rather broad. The present tenses in this chapter that refer to the Spirit consistently are used of the entire time period from regeneration to glorification. Note for example:
    • “But you are not in the flesh, but in the Spirit, if in fact the Spirit of God dwells in you. Any one who does not have the Spirit of Christ does not belong to him” (v 9)
    • “. . . the Spirit dwells in you” (v 11)
    • “all who are being led by the Spirit, these are the sons of God” (v 14)
    • “the Spirit helps us . . . the Spirit intercedes for the saints” (vv 26, 27)
It is self-evident from these verses that the Spirit’s inner witness is part of the process of sanctification and encompasses the time from the spiritual cradle to the physical grave. Is not his intercessory ministry true for our entire lives, from the time we were converted? Does he not dwell in us from day one?

(3) The lexical argument is the most compelling—namely, that suvn- prefixed verbs take datives of association. This is the view we all learn in first year Greek. But, as you well know, after a year of Greek all of us were dangerous! Our view of syntax needed some nuancing. There are four problems with this assumption.

First, even if a suvn- prefixed verb does take a dative of association, this does not mean that it cannot take an indirect object or some other dative use. In my Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics: Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament, I argue, “not every dative following a suvn- prefixed verb is a dative of association. . .”   A doen exampples are supplied to demonstrate the point.

Second, a number of suvn- prefixed verbs have lost their associative force in Koine Greek. Sometimes the compound verb is weakened, becoming synonymous with the simple verb. At other times, the prepositional prefix functions much like other prepositional prefixes, viz., to intensify or strengthen the force of the verb. We are all well aware of examples such as katesqivw as an intensification of ejsqivw (“to eat” becomes “to devour”). This same kind of transformation occurs with suvn- prefixed verbs on occasion. Thus, for example suvmbainw means “happen to,” not “go with” as in “it has happened to them [sumbevbhken aujtoi'"] according to the true proverb, ‘a dog always returns to its vomit’“ (2 Pet 2:22).

Third, BAGD’s assessment of summarturevw is that it is an intensified verb. BAGD note that as early as the sixth century BC “the prefix sun- [on this verb] has in the highest degree the effect of strengthening” the force of the verb.

Fourth, although this particular verb occurs only three times in the NT (and not at all in the LXX), all of its occurrences are in Romans. (Remarkably, it is more frequent than marturevw in this book!) In its other two occurrences, it most likely has the force of intensifying the force of the verb; in the least, the evidence offers no comfort to the associative view. For example, Rom 9:1 reads, “My conscience bearing me witness [that] I am not lying” (or, “my conscience bearing witness to me [that] I am not lying”).  Along these lines, for what it is worth, in my cursory examination of Hellenistic Greek, I have found summarturevw predominantly to take dative indirect objects rather than datives of association.

The lexical argument, then, though plausible on its face, seems to fall apart upon closer scrutiny. Along these lines, it may be noteworthy that Gordon Fee does not even raise the lexical issue, but prefers to argue against the indirect object view by insisting that it is only a theologically motivated interpretation without substance. Just the opposite seems to be the case. [excerpt from, http://www.bible.org/docs/soapbox/rom816.htm]

RENOWN BIBLE SCHOLARS TAKE ON ROMANS 8:16

One world renown Bible Scholar, Barton W. Johnson, stated:

16. The Spirit himself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God. The Spirit of God is one witness to the fact. Our spirit is a corroborative witness. How do each bear witness? (1) Witness is usually borne in words, but not always. God's Spirit bears witness in words (see Heb. 10:15). The Holy Spirit shows us how we must become God's children, and how to continue the Christian life. (2) It bears testimony in our lives by its fruits. Do we bear the fruit of the Spirit? (See Gal. 5:22, 23). (3) Does our own spirit testify that we "mind the things of the Spirit?" Does our consciousness recognize its fruits, inward as well as outward? If the testimony of our spirit is that what God's Spirit witnesseth of the sons of God is true of us, then they concur in the testimony that we are the children of God.
[Johnson, Barton W. "Commentary on Romans 8". "People's New Testament". 1891.]

Renown Bible Scholar, David Brown, D.D., stated:

16. The Spirit itself--It should be "Himself"

beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children--"are children"

of God--The testimony of our own spirit is borne in that cry of conscious sonship, " “ Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was: and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it.” (Ecclesiastes 12:7 AV)

, yea, even in that very cry which it is His to draw forth, sets His own distinct seal to ours; and thus, "in the mouth of two witnesses" the thing is established. The apostle had before called us "sons of God," referring to our adoption; here the word changes to "children," referring to our new birth. The one expresses the dignity to which we are admitted; the other the new life which we receive. The latter is more suitable here; because a son by adoption might not be heir of the property, whereas a son by birth certainly is, and this is what the apostle is now coming to.
[Brown, David, D.D. "Commentary on Romans 8". "Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible". 1871.]

Renown Bible Scholar, John Wesley, stated:

The same Spirit beareth witness with our spirit - With the spirit of every true believer, by a testimony distinct from that of his own spirit, or the testimony of a good conscience. Happy they who enjoy this clear and constant.
[Wesley, John. "Commentary on Romans 8". "John Wesley's Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible". 1765.]

CONCLUSION

As can readily be seen from the body of this Discourse on Romans 8:16, the Holy Spirit is God’s (YHWH’s) active force.  As John Wesley made clear when he says, “the same Spirit beareth witness with our spirit” ; wherein we all know that are our active force “And as for me, here I am bringing the deluge of waters upon the earth to bring to ruin all flesh in which the force of life is active from under the heavens. Everything that is in the earth will expire.” (Genesis 6:17 NWT), “ All the while my breath is in me, and the spirit of God is in my nostrils;” (Job 27:3 AV), “ For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts; even one thing befalleth them: as the one dieth, so dieth the other; yea, they have all one breath; so that a man hath no preeminence above a beast: for all is vanity.” (Ecclesiastes 3:19 AV), “ Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was: and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it.” (Ecclesiastes 12:7 AV), etc. clearly show there is one spirit or active force and it is from Almighty God (YHWH).  This is made indisputable clear in by Job 27:3 and Ecclesiastes 3:19. 

The other scholars also make this same fact clear, Barton W. Johnson stated, “The Spirit of God is one witness to the fact. Our spirit is a corroborative witness.”   Again we all know that our spirit is our active force that God put in us when he, Almighty God (YHWH) breathed the breath of life into Adam in the Garden of Eden, “ And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.” (Genesis 2:7 AV).   So now we can clearly see the Holy Spirit is God’s (YHWH’s) active force.

[4]   KEYS TO A HAPPY LIFE,
https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g201411/how-to-live-happy-life/

[5]  NO. 1 2023 | CAN OUR PLANET SURVIVE??—REASONS FOR HOPE,
https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/awake-no1-2023/

[6]   CAN OUR PLANET SURVIVE?  FRESH WATER,
https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/awake-no1-2023/planet-survive-fresh-water/

[7]  CAN OUR PLANET SURVIVE?  AIR,
https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/awake-no1-2023/planet-survive-air/

LEARN MORE ABOUT THE BIBLE AND RELIGION – BOTH TRUE AND FALSE – AT WWW.JW.ORG












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MAKING THE MOST OF LIFE TODAY, THIS VOL 893B, (1) INTERESTING SOURCE FOR READING THE BIBLE ON LINE, AND CAN TECHNOLOGY BRING WORLD PEACE?  WHY SOME SAY YES,   [2] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY, A LINK TO A DATA SERIES ON MANY SUBJECTS, INTRODUCTION TO 2 CHRONICLES;  A BIBLE STUDY, AND 2 VIDEO,  [3]  DISCOURSE ON ROMANS 9:5:   [4]  WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Slime of the Hagfish,  [5]  WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Cat’s Tongue,  [6]  WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Hummingbird’s Tongue,  [7]  WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Elephant’s Trunk,

(1A) READ THE BIBLE ON LINE:
https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/study-bible/books/

(1B)   CAN TECHNOLOGY BRING WORLD PEACE?  WHY SOME SAY YES,
https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/watchtower-no1-2026/can-technology-bring-world-peace/

COMBINATION OF [2]  THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [3]  DISCOURSE ON ROMANS 9:5: 


[2]       SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY [893B]

“For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope. “  Romans 15:4,  [authorized King James Bible; AV]

Yes, many examples have been given in the Bible to back up this reality, and one is given at 1 Corinthians 10:11 – 12, [AV] “Now all these things happened unto them for ensamples: and they are written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the world are come.  12  Wherefore let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall.”  Almighty God (YHWH) will provide this comfort per Psalms 119:50, [AV] “This is my comfort in my affliction: for thy word hath quickened me.”  Yes, much of what is provided for our guidance in the Bible is given per 1 Corinthians 9:10, [AV] “Or saith he it altogether for our sakes? For our sakes, no doubt, this is written: that he that ploweth should plow in hope; and that he that thresheth in hope should be partaker of his hope.”

TO VIEW THE INTRODUCTION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT RELIGION AND THE BIBLE, GO TO,
https://religioustruthsbyi.createaforum.com/general-discussion/

TO VIEW THE INTRODUCTION TO 2 CHRONICLES; CLICK OR ENTER IN BROWSER, THE FOLLOWING,
https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/study-bible/books/2-chronicles-introduction/

AN ONLINE BIBLE STUDY CALLED “FOLLOW THE CHRIST”: CLICK OR POST IN BROWSER, THE FOLLOWING. https://religioustruths.boardhost.com/viewtopic.php?id=645

VIDEO -  Pray Anytime, GO TO: https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/children/become-jehovahs-friend/videos/pray-anytime/

VIDEO – OBEY YOUR PARENTS, GO TO:
https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/children/become-jehovahs-friend/videos/obey-your-parents/

[3]   DISCOURSE ON ROMANS 9:5:

“ Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.” (Romans 9:5 AV)

“Whose are the fathers and of whom is Christ, according to the flesh, who is over all things, God blessed for ever. Amen.” (Romans 9:5 Douay-Rheims Catholic Bible)

With respect to Romans 9:5, it is as I said, “I see this as merely a scriptural pericope of two parts, the first being who are the fathers being discussed and the second part being a blessing of Almighty God for ever and ever. This means that the fathers here being spoken of are propably as brought out by John Gill, writer of the ‘The New John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible,’ said, “Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; for, according to the F1 Jewish writers, ``they call none in Israel (twba) , "fathers", but three, and they are Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; and they call none "mothers" but four, and they are, Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel, and Leah:''; whereas the reflective statement, “God blessed for ever. Amen” is the standard as John Gill stated, “The apostle alludes to that well known periphrastic name of God so much used by the Jews, (awh Kwrb vwdqh) , "the holy, blessed God"; to which, by way of assent and confirmation, the apostle puts his Amen.” Is a way of showing reverence to Almighty God (YHWH) much used by the Jews and the Amen on its end simply means that all who say it are in agreement as shown by the meaning of the ancient Hebrew word that has been simply transliterated into most languages per Strong as follows: “at the end-so it is, so be it, may it be fulfilled. It was a custom, which passed over from the synagogues to the Christian assemblies, that when he who had read or discoursed, had offered up solemn prayer to God, the others responded Amen, and thus made the substance of what was uttered their own.

++++

The word "amen" is a most remarkable word. It was transliterated directly from the Hebrew into the Greek of the New Testament, then into Latin and into English and many other languages, so that it is practically a universal word. It has been called the best known word in human speech. The word is directly related—in fact, almost identical—to the Hebrew word for "believe" (amam), or faithful. Thus, it came to mean "sure" or "truly", an expression of absolute trust and confidence. (HMM)”

Now the one other part of this scripture, “concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all,” this relates to Jesus (Jeshua or YHWH saves) being given responsibility and power for a time over all things in heaven and on earth except his Father (YHWH) by his father. Now let’s look at some of the Bible scriptures impinging on this:

[a] God has given his Son, Jesus (Jeshua or YHWH saves) power over everything but himself until conditions are turned around:
“27  For he hath put all things under his feet. But when he saith all things are put under him, it is manifest that he is excepted, which did put all things under him.”   28  And when all things shall be subdued unto him, then shall the Son also himself be subject unto him that put all things under him, that God may be all in all.”   (1 Corinthians 15:27-28 AV)


“22 For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive. 23 But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ’s at his coming. 24 Then cometh the end, when he shall have delivered up the kingdom to God, even the Father; when he shall have put down all rule and all authority and power. 25 For he must reign, till he hath put all enemies under his feet. 26 The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death. 27 For he hath put all things under his feet. But when he saith all things are put under him, it is manifest that he is excepted, which did put all things under him. 28 And when all things shall be subdued unto him, then shall the Son also himself be subject unto him that put all things under him, that God may be all in all.” (1 Coronthians 15:22-28 AV)


“ And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth.” (Matthew 28:18 AV)


“ But that ye may know that the Son of man hath power on earth to forgive sins, (he saith to the sick of the palsy,)” (Mark 2:10 AV)


“ No man taketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This commandment have I received of my Father.” (John 10:18 AV)


“ As thou hast given him power over all flesh, that he should give eternal life to as many as thou hast given him.” (John 17:2 AV)


“ How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him.” (Acts 10:38 AV)

[b] The God of Jesus (Jeshua or YHWH saves) is his Father, Almighty God:

“ Jesus saith unto her, Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father: but go to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father, and your Father; and to my God, and your God.” (John 20:17 AV)


“ Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto a lively hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead,” (1 Peter 1:3 AV)

“ And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?” (Mark 15:34 AV)

[c] His Father (YHWH) gave him power to judge, heal, and remove sin by use of his Father’s Holy Spirit:

“ How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him.” (Acts 10:38 AV)


“ And every creature which is in heaven, and on the earth, and under the earth, and such as are in the sea, and all that are in them, heard I saying, Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, be unto him that sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb for ever and ever.” (Revelation 5:13 AV)


“ But that ye may know that the Son of man hath power on earth to forgive sins, (then saith he to the sick of the palsy,) Arise, take up thy bed, and go unto thine house.” (Matthew 9:6 AV)


“ But that ye may know that the Son of man hath power on earth to forgive sins, (he saith to the sick of the palsy,)” (Mark 2:10 AV)


“ And to have power to heal sicknesses, and to cast out devils:” (Mark 3:15 AV)


“ And they were all amazed, and spake among themselves, saying, What a word is this! for with authority and power he commandeth the unclean spirits, and they come out.” (Luke 4:36 AV)


“ And it came to pass on a certain day, as he was teaching, that there were Pharisees and doctors of the law sitting by, which were come out of every town of Galilee, and Judaea, and Jerusalem: and the power of the Lord was present to heal them.” (Luke 5:17 AV)


“ But that ye may know that the Son of man hath power upon earth to forgive sins, (he said unto the sick of the palsy,) I say unto thee, Arise, and take up thy couch, and go into thine house.” (Luke 5:24 AV)


“ And they were all amazed at the mighty power of God. But while they wondered every one at all things which Jesus did, he said unto his disciples,” (Luke 9:43 AV)


“ As thou hast given him power over all flesh, that he should give eternal life to as many as thou hast given him.” (John 17:2 AV)


“ And declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead:” (Romans 1:4 AV) 

[d] Glorified his Father (YHWH) for giving power to humans:

“ But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judaea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth.” (Acts 1:8 AV)


“ But when the multitudes saw it, they marvelled, and glorified God, which had given such power unto men.” (Matthew 9:8 AV)


“ But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name:” (John 1:12 AV)

[f] He used his Father’s Holy Spirit to give power to his Apostles:

“ And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease.” (Matthew 10:1 AV)


“ And he called unto him the twelve, and began to send them forth by two and two; and gave them power over unclean spirits;” (Mark 6:7 AV)


“ Then he called his twelve disciples together, and gave them power and authority over all devils, and to cure diseases.” (Luke 9:1 AV)


“ Behold, I give unto you power to tread on serpents and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy: and nothing shall by any means hurt you.” (Luke 10:19 AV)


“ And when Peter saw it, he answered unto the people, Ye men of Israel, why marvel ye at this? or why look ye so earnestly on us, as though by our own power or holiness we had made this man to walk?” (Acts 3:12 AV)


“ And with great power gave the apostles witness of the resurrection of the Lord Jesus: and great grace was upon them all.” (Acts 4:33 AV)


“ And Stephen, full of faith and power, did great wonders and miracles among the people.” (Acts 6:8 AV) [The one who Saul played a part in his murder before he became Paul]


“ Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God; so that from Jerusalem, and round about unto Illyricum, I have fully preached the gospel of Christ.” (Romans 15:19 AV)

[g] Will come invisibly in clouds of great glory and with signs:

“ And I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him. And power was given unto them over the fourth part of the earth, to kill with sword, and with hunger, and with death, and with the beasts of the earth.” (Revelation 6:8 AV)


“ And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven: and then shall all the tribes of the earth mourn, and they shall see the Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory.” (Matthew 24:30 AV)


“ And then shall they see the Son of man coming in the clouds with great power and glory.” (Mark 13:26 AV)


“ And then shall they see the Son of man coming in a cloud with power and great glory.” (Luke 21:27 AV)

[h] Will sit figuratively on the right hand of his Father, Almighty God (YHWH), and will only be subordinate to him but no one else:

“ Jesus saith unto him, Thou hast said: nevertheless I say unto you, Hereafter shall ye see the Son of man sitting on the right hand of power, and coming in the clouds of heaven.” (Matthew 26:64 AV)


“ Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens;” (Hebrews 8:1 AV)


“ But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God;” (Hebrews 10:12 AV)


“ Who is gone into heaven, and is on the right hand of God; angels and authorities and powers being made subject unto him.” (1 Peter 3:22 AV)


“ And Jesus said, I am: and ye shall see the Son of man sitting on the right hand of power, and coming in the clouds of heaven.” (Mark 14:62 AV)


“ Hereafter shall the Son of man sit on the right hand of the power of God.” (Luke 22:69 AV)


“ Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high;” (Hebrews 1:3 AV)

[i] Before he was born as a human he was foretold to be the Son of God:

“ And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God.” (Luke 1:35 AV)

[j] It is not for us to know the times or the seasons, in fact Jesus (Jeshua or YHWH saves did not even know, but only his father:

“ And he said unto them, It is not for you to know the times or the seasons, which the Father hath put in his own power.” (Acts 1:7 AV)


“ But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels of heaven, but my Father only.” (Matthew 24:36 AV)

[k] Others wanted to buy the power to pass on the Holy Spirit by the laying on of hands:

“ Saying, Give me also this power, that on whomsoever I lay hands, he may receive the Holy Ghost.” (Acts 8:19 AV)

[l] Almighty God (YHWH) uses his active force, the Holy Spirit/Ghost to give power to his Son and to all that believe in him:

“ Now the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that ye may abound in hope, through the power of the Holy Ghost.” (Romans 15:13 AV)

[m] Almighty God (YHWH) resurrected his Son, Jesus (Jeshua or YHWH saves) so he liveth by the power of God and so shall we:

“ For though he was crucified through weakness, yet he liveth by the power of God. For we also are weak in him, but we shall live with him by the power of God toward you.” (2 Corinthians 13:4 AV)


“ Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high;” (Hebrews 1:3 AV)


“ Who are kept by the power of God through faith unto salvation ready to be revealed in the last time.” (1 Peter 1:5 AV)

“ Saying with a loud voice, Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, and blessing.” (Revelation 5:12 AV)

[4]  WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Slime of the Hagfish,
https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/science/was-it-designed/slime-of-hagfish/

[5]  WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Cat’s Tongue,
https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/science/was-it-designed/cats-tongue/

[6]  WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Hummingbird’s Tongue,

https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/science/was-it-designed/hummingbird-tongue/

[7]  WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Elephant’s Trunk,
https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/science/was-it-designed/elephant-trunk-video/

LEARN MORE ABOUT THE BIBLE AND RELIGION – BOTH TRUE AND FALSE – AT WWW.JW.ORG







https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/05/08/13/15/bird-2295436_1280.jpg?fbclid=IwY2xjawShObxleHRuA2FlbQIxMABicmlkETFuSVNZTXpIVXVyZE9OQmJKc3J0YwZhcHBfaWQQMjIyMDM5MTc4ODIwMDg5MgABHvIEQUWbL_YcA1ItYl_P_oGltXgUqKnHddTexGNVvZaKOK7Nyfu-_I-Z3BMT_aem_eOOb3rnFvzpA4ws97mxFBQ
 

MAKING THE MOST OF LIFE TODAY, THIS VOL 895B, (1) INTERESTING SOURCE FOR READING THE BIBLE ON LINE, AND NOAH—FAITH MOVED HIM TO OBEY,   [2] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY, A LINK TO A DATA SERIES ON MANY SUBJECTS, INTRODUCTION TO NEHEMIAH,   A BIBLE STUDY, AND 2 VIDEO,  [3]  DISCOURSE ON SALVATION,   [4]   WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Dog’s Sense of Smell,   [5]   WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Regulating Ability of Hormones?—Was It Designed?  [6]   WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Flight of the Dandelion Seed,   [7]   WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Grunion’s Spawning Technique,

(1A) READ THE BIBLE ON LINE:
https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/study-bible/books/

(1B)  NOAH—FAITH MOVED HIM TO OBEY,
https://www.jw.org/en/library/dramatic-bible-readings/noah-faith-moved-him-to-obey/

COMBINATION OF [2]  THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [3]   DISCOURSE ON SALVATION,

IN 2 PARTS, SECOND PART IS 896B

[2]       SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY [895B]

“For we know that the whole creation groaneth and travaileth in pain together until now.  23  And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body.” 
Romans 8:22 – 23,  [authorized King James Bible; AV]

We are carnal as revealed at 1 Corinthians 3:3, [AV] “For ye are yet carnal: for whereas there is among you envying, and strife, and divisions, are ye not carnal, and walk as men?”  But, we should lead spiritual lives as shown by Galatians 5:25, [AV] “If we live in the Spirit, let us also walk in the Spirit.”  Yes, the Bible reveals at 1 Corinthians 3:16, [AV] “Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you?”  Therefore Galatians 4:6, [AV] “And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father.”  So we ought to be living lives in accordance with his will.

TO VIEW THE INTRODUCTION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT RELIGION AND THE BIBLE, GO TO,
https://religioustruthsbyi.createaforum.com/general-discussion/

TO VIEW THE INTRODUCTION TO NEHEMIAH; CLICK OR ENTER IN BROWSER, THE FOLLOWING,
https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/study-bible/books/nehemiah-introduction/

AN ONLINE BIBLE STUDY CALLED “FOLLOW THE CHRIST”: CLICK OR POST IN BROWSER, THE FOLLOWING. https://religioustruths.boardhost.com/viewtopic.php?id=645

VIDEO -  Pray Anytime, GO TO: https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/children/become-jehovahs-friend/videos/pray-anytime/

VIDEO – OBEY YOUR PARENTS, GO TO:
https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/children/become-jehovahs-friend/videos/obey-your-parents/

[3]   DISCOURSE ON SALVATION

SALVATION AN IMPORTANT SUBJECT:

Salvation is an important subject that all genuine Christians need to learn a lot more about.   It is imperative that we all have a correct understanding on what is meant by Salvation in the Bible.  Unfortunately, many have the wrong understanding and outlook on this Biblical subject.

So many look for a physical instead of a spiritual answer to many things in the Bible and overlook the definition even of a miracle.  A Miracle is defined as an event that appears inexplicable by the laws of nature and so is held to be supernatural in origin or an act of God: “Miracles are spontaneous, they cannot be summoned, but come of themselves” (Katherine Anne Porter). [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition]


On a similar note, a BBC programme on Moses shows the doubting Thomas syndrome that appears to be permeating our society even among those who claim to be Christian.   It appears that, while critics are now happy to concede that archeological findings confirm events like the ten plagues and the Exodus out of Egypt COULD have happened, they'll insist on rational explanations for them!

However, we can not be doubting about the subject of salvation, but must study the scriptures like the Bereans, “ These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so.” (Acts 17:11 AV).  To that end, let’s look into the subject of salvation.

WHAT IS SALVATION?

Let’s examine the scriptures and determine exactly what salvation really is in the Biblical usage:

“And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up:
15  That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life.
16  For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.

17 For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved.” (John 3:14-17 AV).  Here we see that inorder to obtain salvation, we must believe in God’s (YHWH’s) Son, Jesus (Yeshua or YHWH saves) whom his Father (YHWH) sent into the world to provide a means of salvation for us.” (Matthew 3:14-17 AV – Authorized King James Version).

Yes, salvation from bondage to sin with everlasting life in view:

“Know ye not, that to whom ye yield yourselves servants to obey, his servants ye are to whom ye obey; whether of sin unto death, or of obedience unto righteousness?
17  But God be thanked, that ye were the servants of sin, but ye have obeyed from the heart that form of doctrine which was delivered you.
18  Being then made free from sin, ye became the servants of righteousness.
19  I speak after the manner of men because of the infirmity of your flesh: for as ye have yielded your members servants to uncleanness and to iniquity unto iniquity; even so now yield your members servants to righteousness unto holiness.
20  For when ye were the servants of sin, ye were free from righteousness.
21  What fruit had ye then in those things whereof ye are now ashamed? for the end of those things is death.
22  But now being made free from sin, and become servants to God, ye have your fruit unto holiness, and the end everlasting life.
23 For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.”  (Romans 6:16-23 AV).  These scriptures clearly show that the Biblical salvation is from bondage to sin and death; with the hope of everlasting life under a righteous kingdom with God’s (YHWH’s) Son as its king as we all pray for in the Lord’s prayer, “After this manner therefore pray ye: Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name.  10  Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.” (Matthew 6:9-10 AV).

We must seize the word of God (YHWH) and seize our opportunity for salvation as the scriptures clearly show:

“Then Paul and Barnabas waxed bold, and said, It was necessary that the word of God should first have been spoken to you: but seeing ye put it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy of everlasting life, lo, we turn to the Gentiles.
47  For so hath the Lord commanded us, saying, I have set thee to be a light of the Gentiles, that thou shouldest be for salvation unto the ends of the earth.
48  And when the Gentiles heard this, they were glad, and glorified the word of the Lord: and as many as were ordained to eternal life believed.
    49 And the word of the Lord was published throughout all the region.” (Acts 13:46-49 AV)

WHO PROVIDES FOR SALVATION?

Now it is important that all genuine Christians understand who provides for salvation, and the scriptures show:

“The day following Jesus would go forth into Galilee, and findeth Philip, and saith unto him, Follow me.
44  Now Philip was of Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter.
45  Philip findeth Nathanael, and saith unto him, We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, did write, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.
46  And Nathanael said unto him, Can there any good thing come out of Nazareth? Philip saith unto him, Come and see.
47  Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and saith of him, Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile!
48  Nathanael saith unto him, Whence knowest thou me? Jesus answered and said unto him, Before that Philip called thee, when thou wast under the fig tree, I saw thee.
49  Nathanael answered and saith unto him, Rabbi, thou art the Son of God; thou art the King of Israel.
50  Jesus answered and said unto him, Because I said unto thee, I saw thee under the fig tree, believest thou? thou shalt see greater things than these.
50 And he saith unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Hereafter ye shall see heaven open, and the angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of man.” (Luke 1: 43-51 AV)  Clearly shows that Jesus’s (Yeshua’s or YHWH saves’s) the Son of God (YHWH) was provided as our means of salvation.

Likewise, the provider is directly identified as:

“Paul, a servant of God, and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of God’s elect, and the acknowledging of the truth which is after godliness;
2  In hope of eternal life, which God, that cannot lie, promised before the world began;
3 But hath in due times manifested his word through preaching, which is committed unto me according to the commandment of God our Saviour; (Titus 1:1-3 AV).  This clearly identifies Almighty God (YHWH) as the one who provided his Son, Jesus (Yeshua or YHWH saves) to serve as a ransom to release us from bondage in accordance with “And not only so, but we also joy in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement.  12  Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned:” (Romans 5:12 Av).

This fact is further reinforced:

“Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the commandment of God our Saviour, and Lord Jesus Christ, which is our hope;
2 Unto Timothy, my own son in the faith: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God our Father and Jesus Christ our Lord.” (1 Timothy 1:1 AV).  Here it is made clear that God (YHWH) is are actual savior, but he is working through his Son so we can look at his Son as our savior as he, Jesus (Yeshua or YHWH saves) is the only  “ For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus;” (1 Timothy 2:5 AV) who “ taught publickly and from house to house”; therefore it is clear we to should “Testifying both to the Jews, and also to the Greeks, repentance toward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ.” (partial quote of  Acts 20:21 AV).

OUR CHIEF AGENT OF SALVATION IS GOD’S (YHWH’S) OWN SON WHO HE PROVIDED FOR THAT PURPOSE:

That God (YHWH) provided his only begotten Son for that purpose is made clear:

“ God also bearing them witness, both with signs and wonders, and with divers miracles, and gifts of the Holy Ghost, according to his own will?
5 ¶ For unto the angels hath he not put in subjection the world to come, whereof we speak.
6  But one in a certain place testified, saying, What is man, that thou art mindful of him? or the son of man, that thou visitest him?
7  Thou madest him a little lower than the angels; thou crownedst him with glory and honour, and didst set him over the works of thy hands:
8  Thou hast put all things in subjection under his feet. For in that he put all in subjection under him, he left nothing that is not put under him. But now we see not yet all things put under him.
9  But we see Jesus, who was made a little lower than the angels for the suffering of death, crowned with glory and honour; that he by the grace of God should taste death for every man.
10 ¶ For it became him, for whom are all things, and by whom are all things, in bringing many sons unto glory, to make the captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings.” (Hebrews 2:10 AV).  This scripture clearly shows that God (YHWH) provided his own Son, Jesus (Yeshua or YHWH saves) for the purpose of our salvation and made him, the second highest ranking spirit being in all of heaven who figuratively sat at the right hand of God Almighty (YHWH), “ Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens;” (Hebrews 8:1 AV).   This clearly shows Almighty God’s (YHWH’s) love for mankind in that he would provide his own Son as a ransom to make up for the perfect human life lost by Adam through disobedience, “And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life; 18  Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field; 19  In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.” (Genesis 3:17-19 AV).   Here it is clear that God (YHWH) and Jesus (Yeshua or YHWH saves) are two separate and distinct spirit beings, and that God (YHWH) being the superior could clearly provide his only begotten Son that he had created as the  “ And unto the angel of the church of the Laodiceans write; These things saith the Amen, the faithful and true witness, the beginning of the creation of God;” (Revelation 3:14 AV) as the ransom sacrifice due to his superior position.

Whereas, Almighty God (YHWH) could rise up his Son after he was executed, he likewise is able to do the same for us the next two scriptures prove:

“The God of our fathers raised up Jesus, whom ye slew and hanged on a tree.
31 Him hath God exalted with his right hand to be a Prince and a Saviour, for to give repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins.” (Acts 5:30-31 AV)

And:

“ Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them.” (Hebrews 7:25 AV)

Therefore, the scripture:

“Beloved, if God so loved us, we ought also to love one another.
12  No man hath seen God at any time. If we love one another, God dwelleth in us, and his love is perfected in us.
13  Hereby know we that we dwell in him, and he in us, because he hath given us of his Spirit.
14 ¶ And we have seen and do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Saviour of the world.” (1 John 4:11-14 AV), brings out several very important facts effecting our salvation.  They are:

Fact 1, “No man hath seen God at any time.” Yet mankind has seen his Son who for a period of time lived among mankind.

Fact 2,  He has given his Son’s faithful followers, “Hereby know we that we dwell in him, and he in us, because he hath given us of his Spirit.” Some of his active force.

Fact 3, That the Father (YHWH) sent his Son, Jesus (Yeshua or YHWH saves) on a mission to redeem obedient mankind from bondage to the inherited sin of Adam, “And we have seen and do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Saviour of the world.”

READ PART 2 AT COMBINATION OF VOL 896B 

[4]   WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Dog’s Sense of Smell,
https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/science/was-it-designed/dogs-sense-smell/

[5]   WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Regulating Ability of Hormones?—Was It Designed?
https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/science/was-it-designed/regulating-ability-of-hormones/

[6]   WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Flight of the Dandelion Seed,
https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/science/was-it-designed/dandelion-seed/

[7]   WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Grunion’s Spawning Technique,
https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/science/was-it-designed/grunion-spawning-technique/

LEARN MORE ABOUT THE BIBLE AND RELIGION – BOTH TRUE AND FALSE – AT WWW.JW.ORG






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MAKING THE MOST OF LIFE TODAY, THIS VOL 897B , (1) INTERESTING SOURCE FOR READING THE BIBLE ON LINE, AND IT IS STILL DESIGNED!,   [2] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY, A LINK TO A DATA SERIES ON MANY SUBJECTS, INTRODUCTION TO JOB , A BIBLE STUDY, AND 2 VIDEO,   [3]   THE RARE FRUIT OR VEGETABLE, THE  Euterpe oleracea `Para Dwarf` ,   [4]  WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Shell of the Diabolical Ironclad Beetle​—Was It Designed?  [5]  WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Monarch Butterfly’s Migration​—Was It Designed?  [6]  WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Dive of the Cuvier’s Beaked Whale​—Was It Designed?  [7]  WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Japanese Tree Frog’s Call​—Was It Designed?

(1A) READ THE BIBLE ON LINE:
https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/study-bible/books/

(1B) IT IS STILL DESIGNED!
https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101982723?q=WAS+IT+DESIGNED&p=doc, (a read)


COMBINATION OF [2]  THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY, AND [3]  THE RARE FRUIT OR VEGETABLE, THE  Euterpe oleracea `Para Dwarf`


[2]       SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY [897B]

“And as he sat upon the mount of Olives, the disciples came unto him privately, saying, Tell us, when shall these things be? and what shall be the sign of thy coming, and of the end of the world?”   Matthew 24:3,  [authorized King James Bible; AV]

Jesus (Yeshua) answered them at Matthew 24:4 – 6, [AV] “And Jesus answered and said unto them, Take heed that no man deceive you.  5  For many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and shall deceive many.  6  And ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars: see that ye be not troubled: for all these things must come to pass, but the end is not yet.” Clearly showing the time for the end of the world (system of things) was still in the future.”  At Matthew 24:36, [AV], “he revealed, “But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels of heaven, but my Father only.” The date for the end was NOT known by him, but only known to his father.  But he did reveal to his disciples how the beginning of the culmination of the end times sould be at Matthew 24:7, [AV] “For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: and there shall be famines, and pestilences, and earthquakes, in divers places.  8  All these are the beginning of sorrows.”  And that it would be necessary for all his followers per Matthew 12 – 13, [AV] “And because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold.  13  But he that shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved.” To stand fast with being his genuine followers during this period.

TO VIEW THE INTRODUCTION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT RELIGION AND THE BIBLE, GO TO,
https://religioustruthsbyi.createaforum.com/general-discussion/

TO VIEW THE INTRODUCTION TO JOB; CLICK OR ENTER IN BROWSER, THE FOLLOWING,
https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/study-bible/books/job-introduction/

AN ONLINE BIBLE STUDY CALLED “FOLLOW THE CHRIST”: CLICK OR POST IN BROWSER, THE FOLLOWING. https://religioustruths.boardhost.com/viewtopic.php?id=645

VIDEO -  Pray Anytime, GO TO: https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/children/become-jehovahs-friend/videos/pray-anytime/

VIDEO – OBEY YOUR PARENTS, GO TO:
https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/children/become-jehovahs-friend/videos/obey-your-parents/

[3]    Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Euterpe oleracea `Para Dwarf` “Acai Super Berry Palm” Natural Habitat: The standard E. oleracea is naturally found throughout the Northern areas of South America. The Para Dwarf is a cultivated variety of E. oleracea, developed by South American farmers. Description: The oleracea is a naturally clumping palm, which can reach heights close to 100 foot tall, with long slender trunks. The Dwarf variety grows much shorter, only reaching heights around 20 feet tall. The palm will begin to seeds at a much shorter height (around 3 foot of trunk or 3 years after planting) then the natural oleracea, making the seeds much easier to harvest for farmers. The Dwarf variety also has a larger seed, producing up to 25% more pulp then the natural oleracea. The crown shaft is long and skinny, giving way to lengthy drooping leaves. Editing by edric.
A slender and elegant, clustering palm from northern South America, and its cultivar E. oleracea “Pará Dwarf”. Both varieties produce the berry, but the Pará Dwarf cultivar has particular benefits that make it the palm of choice for growing the fruit in its native Brazil — benefits which make it clear why this variety is nicknamed “Super Berry.” First, Pará Dwarf starts producing fruits with a trunk height of only 1m (3 ft.), which is equivalent to 3 years of age after planting, in a tropical climate. Second, this variety, as the “Dwarf” implies, stays relatively short for easier harvesting. Third, it is a highly productive plant. A recommended 400 plants per hectare (2.5 acres) yield about 10 metric tons (22000 lb) of fruit per year. Finally, the Pará Dwarf variety produces fruits of the highest quality, with up to 25% more pulp than the regular açaí.

Culture
The oleracea para dwarf enjoys a half sunny, half shady open area where is can remain moist throughout the day. As a seedling, it likes a shady moist area where it is protected from any strong elements. They are not cold hardy and should be kept in tropical climates. These seedlings can be grow indoors in greenhouses during the winter, if Northerners would like a chance to harvest their own Acai berries. However the humidity levels have to be quite high and normal indoor home environments will not surfice.
The Açaí Palm also produces a premium quality heart of palm. The Açaí Palm is well suited to most tropical and some warm temperate climates (USDA hardiness Zones 10b - 11). It likes plenty of rainfall and must be irrigated in drier areas.

Comments and Curiosities
Developed by the Brazilian agricultural department, Embrapa in Belem, Para in eastern Amazonia - for early harvesting of the Acaí "fruit." Said to begin fruiting in as early as three years.

In Brazil, a highly nutritious, thick, pulpy, deep purple juice called açaí, like the palm, is produced from the fruits of this species. It can be used in juice blends, smoothies or sodas, or consumed plain. Particularly noteworthy in the long list of beneficial contents in the juice are its high percentage of dietary fibers, which makes up a third of its weight, its antioxidant capacities and possible anti-cancer effects. The Açaí Palm also produces a premium quality heart of palm that is probably second to none. The benefits of this particular variety, highly prized in Brazil, are that it (1) starts fruiting with a trunk height of only 1m (3 ft.), which is equivalent to 3 years of age after planting, in a tropical climate, (2) stays short for easier harvesting, (3) is a highly productive plant: A recommended 400 plants per hectare (2.5 acres) yield about 10 metric tons (22000 lb) of fruit per year and (4) produces fruits of the highest quality, with up to 25% more pulp than the regular açaí.
Since its introduction to the world market in 2000, the açaí fruit has steadily gained attention for its remarkable antioxidant value, even higher, some studies show, than that of other antioxidant powerhouses such as blueberries, red grapes and pomegranates. These small, dark purple fruits are similar in appearance to blueberries and are often referred to as berries (although neither, botanically speaking, actually is). In Brazil, a highly nutritious, thick, pulpy, deep purple juice is produced from the fruits and commonly offered everywhere in the country. It is best consumed plain, fresh and unpasteurized but can also be used in juice blends, smoothies or sodas. Particularly noteworthy in the long list of beneficial contents in the juice is its high percentage of dietary fibers, which makes up a third of its weight. Because of the açaí fruit’s potentially elite antioxidant capacity, studies are being done to test the berry’s anti-cancer potential. In one of the first studies, undertaken at the University of Florida in 2006, researchers discovered that açaí berry extracts caused up to 86% of the tested leukemia cells to self-destruct. These findings were published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Other scientific studies continue to be published on the fruit’s nutritional profile and possible health benefits. 
 
References
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.
Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.

[SOURCE - RETRIVED FROM  http://palmpedia.net/wiki/Oleracea_var._%27Para%27_Dwarf%27  ON   3/17/2018]
Seeds for this palm are available from Tradewinds and their catalog information is as follows,  1223 - Euterpe oleracea - Acai Palm, Para Dwarf
A popular acai for commercial fruit production. Trees grow shorter (to 20-40 ft) and produce fruit at shorter heights (5 ft). Fruiting is also vigorous. A tropical palm with purple-red fruits having high nutritional content.  Trees bear thousands of fruits a season. N  ?[SOURCE - RETRIVED FROM  https://mail.yahoo.com/d/folders/1/messages/42156  ON  3 /17/2018]

Pictures of fruit and palm can be viewed at   http://palmpedia.net/wiki/Oleracea_var._%27Para%27_Dwarf%27



[4]  WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Shell of the Diabolical Ironclad Beetle​—Was It Designed?
https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/science/was-it-designed/diabolical-ironclad-beetle-shell/

[5]  WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Monarch Butterfly’s Migration​—Was It Designed?
https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/science/was-it-designed/monarch-butterfly-migration/

[6]  WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Dive of the Cuvier’s Beaked Whale​—Was It Designed?
https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/science/was-it-designed/The-Dive-of-the-Cuviers-Beaked-Whale%E2%80%8B-Was-It-Designed/

[7]  WAS IT DESIGNED?  The Japanese Tree Frog’s Call​—Was It Designed?
https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/science/was-it-designed/japanese-tree-frogs-call/

LEARN MORE ABOUT THE BIBLE AND RELIGION – BOTH TRUE AND FALSE – AT WWW.JW.ORG







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